综合医院护士遭遇工作场所暴力影响因素的Meta分析

Influencing factors of workplace violence experienced by nurses in general hospitals:a Meta-analysis

目的:通过Meta分析探讨护士遭遇工作场所暴力的影响因素。方法:计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、中华医学期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普数据库、Embase、the Cochrane Library、Medline、PubMed数据库,检索时限自建库到2023年8月30日,检索关于护士遭遇工作场所暴力影响因素的所有文献及纳入文献的参考文献,由2名研究员独立进行纳入文献的质量评价及数据的提取,使用Review Manager 5.4软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果:共检索到文献1610篇,最终纳入文献12篇,样本量11693例,遭遇过工作场所暴力的护士为7098人,发生率60.7%,部分护士遭受过两次以上的工作场所暴力。其中,言语攻击发生最频繁,为4709人次,威胁2902人次,身体攻击871人次,性骚扰578人次。Meta分析结果显示,护士所在科室、护士对工作场所暴力的态度及认知、接受过相关知识培训,医院对工作场所暴力积极的态度及措施是影响工作场所暴力的主要因素。结论:护士遭遇工作场所暴力的影响因素复杂多样,面对工作场所暴力,护士应有积极的应对态度,医院管理者应采取有效的预防及管理措施,创造和谐有序的工作环境。

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of workplace violence experienced by nurses through Meta-analysis.Methods:Literature on influencing factors of workplace violence experienced by nurses and the references of the included literature were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Database,Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database,CBM,VIP Database,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Medline,and PubMed databases,from the time of database establishment to August 30,2023.Two researchers independently evaluated the included literature and extracted data.Meta-analysis of the data was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software.Results:A total of 1610 pieces of papers were retrieved,and 12 articles were finally included,nvolving 11693 cases.7098 cases of nurses had experienced workplace violence,with an incidence of 60.7%.Some nurses have experienced workplace violence more than twice.Among them,Verbal aggression occurred most frequently(4709 cases),threats(2902 cases),physical aggression(871 cases)and sexual harassment(578 cases).Meta-analysis results showed that the department where the nurses worked,the nurses′attitude and cognition towards workplace violence,the nurses′receiving relevant knowledge training,and the hospital's positive attitude and measures towards workplace violence were the main factors affecting workplace violence.Conclusions:The influencing factors of workplace violence for nurses are complex and diverse.Nurses should have a positive coping attitude in the face of workplace violence,and hospital managers should take effective preventive and management measures to create a harmonious and orderly working environment.