环境行政公益诉讼请求权基础研究

The Research on the Basis of Right to Claim in Environmental Administrative Public Interest Litigation

环境公益诉讼的请求权基础,有环境法原则说、公益诉讼条款说和环境权说等,但这些请求权基础不够明确,尤其不符合我国环境行政公益诉讼的实践样态。环境行政公益诉讼,无法从作为原告的检察机关的权力角度来确定请求权基础,需要实现从原告权利(力)向被告义务的转向,以行政机关法定义务作为请求权基础。以行政机关法定义务作为请求权基础,符合行政公益诉讼的诉讼结构,体现行政法律关系内容的义务性,也有利于统一审查行政机关的义务与职责。行政机关环境义务主要来源于行政法律一般性规范和环境法律规范,作为请求权基础的法律规范类型多样,需要对之进行体系化构造,这样才能准确判断行政机关的义务,确定环境行政公益诉讼的请求权基础并对之进行审查。

The basis of right to claim for environmental public interest litigation includes the principles of environmental law,the theory of public interest litigation clauses and the theory of environmental rights,but the basis of these claims is not clear enough,especially not in line with the practice of environmental adminis-trative public interest litigation in China.Environmental administrative public interest litigation cannot deter-mine the basis of the right to claim from the perspective of the power of the procuratorate as the plaintiff,so it is necessary to achieve the shift from the plaintiff's rights(power)to the defendant's obligations,and take the statutory obligations of the administrative agencies as the basis for the claim.This shift,which conforms to the litigation structure of administrative public interest litigation and reflects the obligatory nature of the con-tent of administrative-legal relationships,is conducive to the unified review of the obligations and duties of administrative agencies.The environmental obligations of administrative agencies are mainly derived from the general norms of administrative law and environmental legal norms,and there are various types of legal norms as the basis for claims,which are required to be systematically constructed,so as to accurately judge the obligations of administrative agencies,determine the basis of claims for environmental administrative pub-lic interest litigation,and review them.