骨组织工程研究中的二维黑磷材料

Two-dimensional black phosphorus materials for bone tissue engineering

背景:黑磷与人体骨有高度的同源性,近年来在骨组织工程领域被广泛研究。自2014年以来,二维黑磷材料因具有优异的理化性能和生物性能备受生物医学领域广泛关注。目的:综述黑磷基纳米材料在骨组织工程中的研究进展,着重介绍了二维黑磷纳米材料的合成方法、成骨特性和在生物材料中的应用。方法:以“黑磷,骨组织工程,骨缺损,骨再生,成骨性;black phosphorus,Bone tissue engineering,Bone defect,Bone Regeneration,Osteogenesis”为关键词,检索2014年1月至2023年12月期间Pub Med、中国知网数据库中的相关文献。经过排除和筛选后对96篇文章进行分析。结果与结论:黑磷纳米材料因良好的生物相容性、生物降解性、光热作用、抗菌能力、载药性能和特殊成骨效应在骨组织工程中发挥着重要作用,是促进骨再生的理想候选材料。黑磷纳米材料的制备主要为自上而下的顶层剥离方法,主要原理是通过物理或者化学手段削弱黑磷层间的范德华力,得到单层或者少层的磷烯,即黑磷纳米片或量子点。黑磷基纳米复合材料主要分为水凝胶、3D打印支架、复合材料支架、静电纺丝、仿生骨膜、微球和仿生涂层。纳米黑磷研究在骨组织工程中处于起步阶段,仍面临多个挑战:黑磷在体内的行为以及与各种生物分子的相互作用机制有待进一步研究;黑磷的长期潜在毒性尚不清楚;黑磷的制造过程难以控制。因此,如何开发尺寸均一、安全、可靠、高效的纳米黑磷并转化为临床应用,需要对现代生物医学技术、物理化学技术和精密制造技术进行跨学科研究。

BACKGROUND:Black phosphorus has a high degree of homology with human bone,so it has been extensively studied in the field of bone tissue engineering in recent years.Since 2014,two-dimensional black phosphorus materials have garned significant attention in the field of biomedicine due to their excellent exceptional physical,chemical,and biological properties.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the advancements made in black phosphorus-based nanomaterials for bone tissue engineering,focus on the synthesis methods,osteogenic characteristics,and applications in biomaterials pertaining to two-dimensional black phosphorus nanomaterials.METHODS:Chinese and English key words were“black phosphorus,bone tissue engineering,bone defect,bone regeneration,osteogenesis.”Relevant articles in PubMed and CNKI databases from January 2014 to December 2023 were searched.After exclusion and screening,96 articles were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Black phosphorus nanomaterials play an important role in bone tissue engineering due to their good biocompatibility,biodegradability,photothermal action,antibacterial ability,drug loading performance,and special osteogenic effect,and are ideal candidate materials for promoting bone regeneration.The preparation of black phosphorus nanomaterials is mainly a top-down top-layer stripping method.The main principle is to weaken the van der Waals force between the black phosphorus layers by physical or chemical means to obtain a single or less layer of phosphanse,that is,black phosphorus nanosheets or quantum dots.Black phosphate-based nanocomposites are mainly divided into hydrogels,3D printing scaffolds,composite scaffolds,electrospinning,bionic periosteum,microspheres,and bionic coatings.The research of nano-black phosphorus in bone tissue engineering is in its infancy,and still faces many challenges:the behavior of black phosphorus in vivo and the interaction mechanism with various biomolecules need to be further studied.The long-term potential toxicity of black phosphorus is unknown.The manufacturing process for black phosphorus is difficult to control.Therefore,how to develop uniform size,safe,reliable,and efficient nano black phosphorus and transform it into clinical application requires interdisciplinary research on modern biomedical technology,physicochemical technology,and precision manufacturing technology.