从补充经费到全面援助:新疆安置上海青年经济问题再探

From Supplementary Funds to Comprehensive Assistance:Further Study of the Economic Issues of the Shanghai Youth placed to Xinjiang

1963—1966年,新疆安置了近10万名上海青年,其经费是安置工作的重要保证。虽然从中央到地方均编制了比较完备的经费,但因安置及巩固工作涉及面广,经费不足等问题仍长期存在。因此,当新疆在安置上海青年时,作为青年输出地的上海也为新疆提供了一定的技术、物资援助。此时正值青年安置期间,故这种援助更像是对经费的补充,故可视之为补充经费。青年安置工作结束后,上海仍源源不断为新疆提供援助,且援助面更广,内容更加丰富。自始至终,上述援助紧紧围绕上海青年展开,从而形成了城乡、区域之间特殊的经济关系。值得注意的是,援助的内容也与区域内部的经济布局、层级关系等直接相关。上海为新疆提供补充经费再到全面援助,这既是保证安置青年工作的延续,在知青上山下乡历史中具有一定的普遍性,成为当时计划财政的一个弹性组成部分;从更大视野观之,这其实也是对口援助工作的重要缘起,是当代中国区域经济关系的一个写照。

From 1963 to 1966,nearly 100,000 shanghai youth were placed to xinjiang.Funding was an important guarantee for resettlement work.Although relatively complete funding had been established from the central to local,problems such as insufficient funding still persist due to the wide range of resettlement.Therefore,when Xinjiang resettled the shanghai youth,shanghai provided certain technical and material assistance to Xinjiang.At this time,it was during the resettlement period,so this kind of assistance was more liked a supplement to funds,so it could be considered as supplementary funds.Afterwards,Shanghai continued to provide continuous assistance to Xinjiang,with a wider range and richer content of assistance.Shanghai and xinjiang formed a special economic relationship between urban and rural areas and regions about aid and youth.Whether it was supplementary funding or comprehensive assistance,they were all aimed at ensuring the smooth progress of youth resettlement work,which was commonly found in the process of educated youth going to the countryside and was a flexible component of planned finance.From a broader perspective,this was actually an important origin of counterpart assistance work and an important portrayal of contemporary China’s regional economic relations.