作物-内生微生物响应CO_(2)浓度升高与干旱胁迫的作用机制研究进展

Mechanism of crop-endophytic microbes interactions in response to elevated CO_(2)concentrations and drought stress:a review

全球变暖、二氧化碳(CO_(2))浓度升高和局部地区干旱加剧等环境变化对作物生长发育及产量造成的影响日趋明显。内生微生物是一类与宿主植物形成互利共生机制的微生物,由于其长期生活在植物体的特殊环境中,对作物的生长发育和抗逆性具有重要作用,两者的共生关系会直接影响作物对环境变化的响应。本文主要综述作物-内生微生物共生系统及其在CO_(2)和干旱胁迫下对作物生理过程的调控,探讨了作物内生微生物群落的多样性以及促生效果、抑菌作用、抗逆能力,并重点关注了作物-内生微生物系统如何提高环境的耐受特性。具体而言,内生微生物可以通过提高宿主的气孔调节能力、增加根系吸收水分和养分的能力等方式,帮助作物适应CO_(2)浓度升高和干旱胁迫,从而减小环境变化对作物生长的负面影响,提高作物产量。此外,内生微生物还可以激活宿主的防御系统,提高其对病原体的抵抗能力,从而减轻病害对作物的影响。未来的研究应关注作物-内生微生物共生系统在不断升高的CO_(2)浓度和干旱复合胁迫下的响应机制,以提高作物对极端环境变化的抗性,为作物抗逆性育种提供新的思路和策略。

Global warming impacts such as increasing carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentrations and effect of worsening local droughts on crop growth and yield are becoming progressively evident.Endophytic microbes form symbiotic relationships with host plants.Due to their long-term residence in a plant’s specialized environment,they play a crucial role in the growth,development,and stress resistance of crops.The symbiotic relationships between crops and endophytic microbes directly affect the response of crops to environ-mental changes.This article reviews the crop-endophyte symbiotic system and its regulation of crop physiological processes under CO_(2)and drought stress.It discusses the diversity of endophytic microbial communities in crops,activation of host resistance,enhancement of tolerance to the environment,and antagonistic characteristics against pathogens.Specifically,endophytic microbes can help crops adapt to increased CO_(2)concentrations and drought stress by enhancing the stomatal regulation ability of the host and increasing its root water and nutrient absorption capacity,thereby reducing the negative impact of environmental changes on crop growth and increasing crop yield.Additionally,endophytic microbes can activate the host defense system,enhance resistance to pathogens,and reduce the impact of diseases on crops.Future research should prioritize the response mechanisms of the crop-endophyte symbiotic system to increase CO_(2)concentrations and compound stresses to enhance crop resistance to extreme environmental changes and provide new insights and strategies for crop breeding for stress resistance.