2022—2023年天津医学生健康素养调查及影响因素分析

Health literacy survey and influencing factors analysis of medical students in Tianjin from 2022 to 2023

目的了解医学院校学生的健康素养水平及其影响因素,为今后学校及相关部门提高大学生健康素养提供决策依据。方法采取分层随机抽样的方法,于2022年9月—2023年6月从天津某医科大学各年级、各专业中共抽取712名学生进行问卷调查,采用二元logistic回归模型对调查对象的健康素养水平及影响因素进行统计分析。结果该校大学生的健康素养具备率为27.53%,其中健康知识素养具备率为42.56%,健康行为具备率为6.74%,健康技能素养具备率为64.61%。大一年级、非独生子女、家庭常住人口数≤3人、家庭月收入≥7000元、月生活费较低、健康状况自评为好的学生健康素养水平较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高校应采取积极的措施强化学生的健康行为能力,推动学生将所学的知识和技能向行为转变,将学校教育与家庭健康教育相结合,借助政策、卫生服务和社区行动支持,提高大学生健康素养水平。

Objective To explore the health literacy level and influencing factors of medical school students,and provide a basis for schools and related departments to make future decisions in enhancing college students’health literacy.Methods A total of 712 students from various grades and majors of a medical university in Tianjin were selected by stratified random sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey from September 2022 to June 2023.Binary logistic regression model was used to make a statistical analysis of the health literacy level and influencing factors of the respondents.Results The health literacy rate of students in this university was 27.53%,including 42.56% for health knowledge literacy,6.74% for health behavior literacy,and 64.61% for health skills literacy.Freshmen,non-only child,number of permanent family members less than or equal to 3,family monthly income more than or equal to 7000 yuan,lower monthly living expenses,and self-rated good health status had higher health literacy level,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Colleges and universities should take positive measures to strengthen students’ability of healthy behavior and promote students to transform their knowledge and skills into behaviors,combine school education with family health education,with the support of policies,health services and community actions,to improve the health literacy level of college students.