妊娠期糖尿病流行病学特征及危险因素分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus

目的调查分析妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)流行病学特征及危险因素,为制定GDM预防方案提供依据。方法选取2020—2022年在鄞州第二医院建档的3204名孕妇作为调查对象,应用χ^(2)检验、二分类logistic回归分析评估GDM患病的影响因素。结果GDM患病率为11.11%,且2020—2022年患病率逐年增长(χ^(2)=5.624,P=0.037)。年龄、产次、糖尿病家族史、孕前BMI、多囊卵巢综合征(OR=3.047、2.423、3.904、3.323、3.010)是GDM的独立危险因素。结论鄞州第二医院2020—2022年GDM患病率逐年增长,且与年龄、产次、糖尿病家族史、孕前BMI、多囊卵巢综合征等因素相关。因此,应加强高危人群的早期筛查,同时做好针对性措施,从而降低GDM发生风险。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and provide a basis for formulatingGDMprevention plans.Methods 3204 pregnant women from 2020 to 2022 were selected as the subjects of this study,χ^(2)test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the influencing factors of GDM in pregnant women.Results The prevalence of GDM was 11.11%,and the prevalence rate increased year by year from 2020 to 2022(χ^(2)=5.624,P=0.037).Age,parity,family history of diabetes,pre-pregnancy BMI and polycystic ovary syndrome(OR=3.047,2.423,3.904,3.323,3.010)were independent risk factors for GDM.Conclusion The prevalence of GDM in the second hospital of Yinzhou District increases year by year from 2020 to 2022,and is associated with age,parity,family history of diabetes,pre-pregnancy BMI and polycystic ovary syndrome.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the high-risk groups of early screening,while doing a good job targeted measures to reduce the risk of GDM.