国际旅游地的游客与居民对语言景观的感知与认同——以泰国曼谷和清迈为例

The perception and identification of linguistic landscape among tourists and residents in international tourism destinations:A case study of Bangkok and Chiang Mai,Thailand

全球化增强了不同国家和民族的文化交流,国际旅游是其中不可忽视的跨文化情境。多语言环境下,语言景观成为学界关注热点。许多来自社会语言学领域的研究分析了语言景观中的认同/身份、权力等议题,但它们通常在常规社会情境下着眼于某一族群或某一语种。本研究关注多语种、多主体在同一物质空间交汇的特殊的国际旅游情境,旨在呈现不同主体对语言景观感知和认同差异化的表现。本文以泰国曼谷和清迈为例,通过两个相互关联的子研究,考察和比较泰国居民、中国游客、非中国游客对语言景观的感知和认同,发现不同族群、不同语种的语言景观与认同的关系存在差异,深层次地反映了语言与族群身份在国际旅游场景下对文化和经济不同层次的影响。

The globalization has enhanced cultural exchanges among different countries and peoples.The communication in the cross-cultural context relies on various linguistic landscape,which materially presents language and text.In multilingual environments,linguistic landscapes have become a hot spot of academic attention.Many studies from the field of sociolinguistics have revealed issues such as identity and power in linguistic landscapes,but they usually focus on one ethnic group or one language in conventional social contexts and the use of multiple linguistic landscape in cross-cultural context needs to be further researched.This study focuses on the intersection of multiple languages and subjects in the same physical space in a particular international tourism context,aiming to present more differentiated relationships between linguistic landscapes and identity.Taking Bangkok and Chiang Mai,Thailand,as samples,this paper examines and compares the perceptions and identities of Thai residents,Chinese tourists,and non-Chinese tourists on the linguistic landscape through two interrelated sub-studies.Study 1 explores the relationship between residents'perceptions of the informative and symbolic dimensions of the Chinese and English linguistic landscape,place identity and support for the Chinese and English linguistic landscape.The result shows that the symbolic dimension of English linguistic landscape positively affects local residents'place identity and further affects the support degree of the use of English linguistic landscape,while the informative dimension of Chinese linguistic landscape make effects like that.Study 2 examines the relationships between Chinese and non-Chinese tourists'perceptions of informative and symbolic dimensions of the Chinese and English linguistic landscapes,national identity,cultural identity,collectivism and satisfaction.The result reveals that the symbolic dimension of linguistic landscape is more likely to positively influence the national identity and cultural identity of tourists.And,the linguistic landscape is more likely to positively affects the cultural identity of tourists.Besides,the moderating effect of collectivism is also examined among Chinese tourists.This paper expands the study of linguistic landscape in the context of international tourism through multi groups,but further progress is still needed.