中国高铁站和城际铁路站的空间溢出效应及异质性研究——基于夜间灯光数据的实证分析

Spatial spillover effect and differentiation of high-speed railway stations and intercity railway stations in China:An empirical study based on night-time light datasets

随着中国高速铁路和城际铁路建设的全面铺开,“高铁新城”或“城铁综合体”正在成为许多城市发展的“新引擎”。本文以全国主要路线上的高铁站点和城铁站点为例,分析铁路站点对周边地区的空间溢出效应及其空间分异。由于相关社会经济数据的匮乏,文章应用DMSP/OLS和NPP/VIIRS卫星灯光数据结合多期双重差分模型和距离圈层法对此进行评估。研究结果表明,铁路站的开通运营对周边地区存在着显著的空间溢出效应,溢出效应伴随着距离的增加迅速减小,高铁站的阈值范围约为7 km,而城铁站的阈值范围约为5 km。这种溢出效应在站点规模上存在着明显的异质性,其在中等规模站点表现更为明显一些。在地区表现方面,溢出效应在中部地区铁路站点最为明显,其次是西部地区,东部和东北地区表现相对较弱。根据实证结果,本研究还发现,要发挥铁路站的溢出效应,铁路站到所在城市中心的距离在10~40 km为宜。

With the comprehensive development of China's high-speed rail and intercity rail construction in recent years,the so-called"HSR new city"or urban complex of railway station is becoming the"new engine"for the development of many cities along the lines.This paper takes the high-speed railway stations and intercity railway stations on the main lines in China as examples to analyze the spatial spillover effect and spatial differentiation of railway stations on the surrounding areas.Due to the lack of relevant socio-economic data,this paper applies DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS satellite lighting data;combined with multi-period DID model and spatial buffer analysis to evaluate the above effect.The research results show that the opening of the railway station has a significant spatial spillover effect on the surrounding areas.And the spillover effect decreases rapidly with the increase of distance.The threshold range of the highspeed railway station is about 7 kilometers,while the threshold range of the intercity railway station is about 5 kilometers.This spillover effect has obvious heterogeneity according to scale of station,and it is bigger in medium-sized sites.In terms of regional performance,this spillover effect is most at railway stations in the Central China,followed by the Western China,and relatively weak in the Eastern China and Northeast China.According to the empirical results,it is also found that in order to take advantage of the spillover effect of the railroad station,the distance from the railroad station to the central city should be 10-40 km.