冷作模具钢中碳化物控制技术的研究进展

Research progress of carbide control technology in cold work die steel

冷作模具钢被广泛用于各种现代制造领域中,并随着制造业的发展不断被提出更高的品质和性能要求。目前发现冷作模具钢的性能缺陷均与钢中碳化物的种类、分布、尺寸和形貌密切相关,提高冷作模具钢的性能宜从碳化物入手。归纳了冷作模具钢中常见碳化物的种类、分布、尺寸、优点和缺点,并综述了国内外对于冷作模具钢中碳化物控制的研究现状。分别从稀土、Ti、Mg和N等元素的微合金化,以及电磁搅拌、电渣重熔、锻造和热处理等工艺对冷作模具钢中碳化物的影响及其机制进行总结介绍。最后展望了冷作模具钢中碳化物控制应从微合金化入手并改进生产工艺的发展方向,指出了改性元素添加量不明确、部分改性元素添加方式不适宜现有的生产方式和热处理工艺无量化标准等目前冷作模具钢中碳化物控制研究中面临的多种问题。

Cold work die steel is widely used in a variety of modern manufacturing fields,and with the development of manufacturing industry,higher quality and performance requirements are constantly put forward.At present,it is found that the performance defects of cold work die steel are closely related to the types,distribution,size and morphology of carbides in steel,and improving the performance of cold work die steel should be focus on carbides.The types,distribution,size,advantages and disadvantages of common carbides in cold work die steels were summarized,and the research status of carbide control in cold work die steels at home and abroad was summarized.The effects of microalloying of elements such as rare earth,Ti,Mg and N,as well as the effects of other processes such as electromagnetic stirring,electroslag remelting,forging and heat treatment on carbides in cold work die steel and its mechanism were summarized.Finally,the development direction of carbide control in cold work die steel is prospected,which should start with microalloying and improve the production process.Some problems in the research of carbide control in cold work die steel are pointed out,such as unclear addition amount of modified elements,unsuitable addition mode of some modified elements for existing production methods and no quantitative standard of heat treatment process.