天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用(Ⅷ)——高黏多用的天然半乳甘露聚糖胶:瓜尔胶

Preparation,properties and applications of natural biomass materials(Ⅷ)High-viscosity and versatile natural galactomannan:guar gum

瓜尔胶是从瓜尔豆种子胚乳中提取的一种天然半乳甘露聚糖胶。因瓜尔胶具有良好的水溶性、增稠性、胶凝性、成膜性等性质以及天然无毒、生物相容性良好、可生物降解的天然属性,且利用其分子结构中的羟基、糖苷键等活性官能团进行分子修饰、化学交联、接枝共聚、氧化等改性手段处理后能显著改善其理化性质、增强其功效性能,使得瓜尔胶及其改性产物被广泛应用于日用化工、造纸、食品加工、石油开采、生物医药、水处理等多个行业领域。本文浅述了瓜尔胶的名称、来源和结构及其性质、提取工艺和改性方法,同时介绍了瓜尔胶及其改性产物的应用情况,并提及了瓜尔胶及其改性产物当前面临的问题和今后的研发方向。

Guar gum is a kind of natural galactomannan extracted from the endosperm of seeds of guar beans.It has excellent water solubility thickening,gelling,and film-forming properties,as well as non-toxicity,good biocompatibility,and biodegradability.Moreover,its physical and chemical properties can be significantly improved and its application performance can be efficiently enhanced through molecular modification,chemical cross-linking,graft copolymerization,oxidation,and other modification treatments by reacting with the hydroxyl groups and glycosidic bonds in its molecular structure.Therefore,guar gum and its modified products have been found wide applications in industrial fields such as daily chemicals,papermaking,food processing,oil exploitation,biomedicine and water treatment.In this review,the name,source,chemical structure,main physicochemical properties and functions of guar gum along with its extraction technologies and modification methods were briefly presented.The applications of guar gum and its modified products,and the current challenges as well as the future research directions of these materials were also discussed.