不同发育期小玉竹种子大小变异特性及萌发规律

Seed Size Variation Characteristics and Germination Rules of Polygonatum humile at Different Development Stages

【目的】种子是植物繁衍的基础,探究小玉竹种子不同采收期形态特征和萌发规律,以期揭示小玉竹种子的形态特征及变异、适宜采收期,为培育小玉竹优质种苗提供科学依据。【方法】以吉林市东团山野生小玉竹种子为研究对象,精确测定其不同发育期长径、宽径、纵径、形态指数、大小指数、千粒重等大小特征指标,利用标准主轴估计法分析种子形态特征的异速生长关系;低温沙藏处理30 d并通过培养皿纸上发芽方法进行种子发芽规律研究。【结果】不同发育期小玉竹种子大小各性状变异均为连续分布的数量性状,发育期变异系数:重量>纵径>宽径>长径,分别集中在在成熟期变异系数:重量>长径>纵径>宽径。4℃沙藏30 d显著提升发芽率、发芽势。【结论】小玉竹种子近似椭圆形,在三维角度下越大越立体饱满形状趋于“圆球”。种子重量变异最大,可以利用此特性进行分级,9月底采收更合适,4℃沙藏30 d,发芽更快更整齐,发芽率可达87.78%。研究结果可以指导小玉竹的产业实践,促进小玉竹有性繁殖发展。

[Objective]Seeds are the basis of plant reproduction.To explore the morphological characteristics and germination rules of Polygonatum humile at different harvesting periods,in order to reveal the morphological characteristics,variation and suitable harvesting period of bamboo seeds,and provide scientific basis for cultivating high-quality seedlings of Polygonatum humile.[Methods]The wild Polygonatum humile in Dongtuanshan,Jilin City were taken as the research object,and the size characteristics,such as long diameter,wide diameter,longitudinal diameter,morphological index,size index and 1000-grain weight,were accurately measured at different development stages.The allometry relationship of seed morphological characteristics was analyzed by standard spindle estimation method.The seed germination was studied after 30 days of low temperature sand storage and germination on petri dish paper.[Results]The variation of seed size traits at different development stages was a continuous distribution of quantitative traits.The variation coefficient at development stage was weight>longitudinal diameter>wide diameter>long diameter,and the variation coefficient at maturity stage was concentrated in weight>long diameter>longitudinal diameter>wide diameter.Sand storage at 4℃for 30 days significantly increased germination rate and germination potential.[Conclusion]The seeds of Polygonatum humile tend to be elliptical,and the larger and fuller shapes tend to be"round balls"in three dimensions.The seed weight variation is the largest,which can be used for classification.The harvest at the end of September is more suitable,and the germination is faster and more orderly,and the germination rate can reach 87.78%.The results can guide the industrial practice and promote the development of sexual reproduction of Polygonatum humile.