共价有机框架材料的合成与应用研究进展

Research progress of synthesis and application of covalent organic frameworks

共价有机框架(COFs)是一种由C、B、N、O等轻元素通过强共价键有序连接形成的周期性网状结构的有机多孔材料,具有比表面积大、密度低、孔道规则、易修饰、结构多样、稳定性好等优点,在众多领域得到了广泛应用。本综述介绍了COFs的结构,总结了合成COFs的硼酸缩聚反应、C-C偶联反应、席夫碱反应、氰基自聚和芳醚聚合等反应类型的进展,并介绍了COFs的溶剂热合成法、微波加热合成法、离子热合成法、机械研磨合成法、界面合成法、微流控合成法及后合成修饰等制备方法,进而讨论了COFs结构的表征方法。此外,对COFs在气体吸附与分离、光催化、电催化、不对称催化合成及手性分离、电化学储能等领域的研究进展进行了总结。最后对目前COFs合成和应用的机遇和挑战进行了展望,希望能为COFs的进一步深入研究提供有益的启发和参考。

Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are organic porous materials with periodic network structure formed by the orderly connection of C,B,N,O,etc.light elements through strong covalent bonds.They have the advantages of large specific surface area,low density,ordered pore structure and easy to modify,diverse structure and good stability,which have been widely used in many fields.This review introduced the structure of COFs,mainly summarized the progress of boric acid polycondensation,C-C coupling,Schiff base,cyano self-polymerization and aryl ether polymerization for the synthesis of COFs,and introduced the main preparation methods of COFs,such as solvothermal,microwave,ion-thermal,mechanical grinding,interfacial synthesis,microfluidics and post-synthetic modification methods.At the same time,it also discussed the characterization of the structure of COFs.In addition,the application of COFs in gas adsorption and separation,photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,asymmetric catalytic synthesis and chiral separation and electrochemical energy storage was also summarized and discussed.Finally,the opportunities and challenges of the synthesis and application of COFs were prospected.It was hoped to provide useful reference and inspiration for the further in-depth study of COFs.