真空绝热板芯材的研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect of the core materials for vacuum insulation panel

随着我国经济的迅速发展和人们对生活水平的要求越来越高,节能减排对实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的目标显得越来越重要。真空绝热板(vacuum insolation panels,VIP)是一种新型的高效保温隔热材料,其中,芯材作为VIP的核心和骨架结构,不仅承担着支撑作用,而且是板内热量传递的主要通道,对保证VIP的保温性能具有关键作用。基于此,本文首先重点介绍了真空绝热板在绿色建筑和冷链物流领域应用的意义,明确了目前制约真空绝热板领域发展的关键问题;随后综述了真空绝热板芯材的研究现状和进展,比对了不同种类芯材(颗粒类芯材、泡沫类芯材、纤维类芯材、生物质材料类芯材和复合类芯材)在原料来源、保温性能、生产工艺及环境保护方面的优劣,将绿色、可再生的生物质基材料用作真空绝热板芯材进行了对比探讨;最后对真空绝热板芯材未来的研究方向和发展前景进行了总结和展望。本文指出,传统以玻璃纤维、有机泡沫或者气相二氧化硅为芯材的真空绝热板,存在生产成本高、不可再生、难降解、污染环境等问题,所以通过功能化手段获得新型、绿色、低成本、具有良好微观孔隙结构和高热阻的芯材是制约真空绝热板发展的关键。生物质材料具有来源广泛、成本低廉、绿色环保、孔隙结构丰富等优点,是一种极具潜力的VIP芯材原料,也将是真空绝热板芯材的重要研究方向。因此,生物质基芯材真空绝热板未来的发展还需进一步拓宽其原料来源、改善制备方法和工艺、明确老化和使役性能、关注复合芯材的开发,不断提高VIP的性能,扩展其应用领域。

With the rapid development of China’s economy and people’s higher and higher requirements for living standards,energy conservation and emission reduction are becoming more and more important to achieve the goal of“carbon peak”and“carbon neutrality”.Vacuum Insolation Panels(VIPs)are a new type of high-efficiency thermal insulation material.The core material of VIPs serves as the backbone structure and plays a crucial role in both supporting and facilitating heat transfer within the panel,thus ensuring its thermal insulation performance.Based on this,this article first focused on the significance of the application of VIPs in green buildings and cold chain logistics,and identified the key issues currently hindering the development of VIPs.It then reviewed the research status and progress of VIP core materials,compared different types of core materials(particle-based,foam-based,fiber-based,biomassbased and composite-based)in terms of raw material sources,thermal insulation performance,production processes and environmental protection with particular emphasis on the comparison of green and renewable biomass-based materials as core materials for VIPs.Finally,the future research directions and development prospects of VIP core materials were summarized and discussed.This paper pointed out that traditional VIPs,which used glass fiber,organic foam or aerogel as core materials,faced issues such as high production costs,non-renewability,difficult degradation and environmental pollution.Therefore,obtaining novel,green,low-cost core materials with excellent micro-porous structures and high thermal resistance through functionalization was the key to the development of VIPs.Biomass material had the advantages of wide source,low cost,green environmental protection and rich pore structure,etc.It was a kind of VIP core material with great potential,and would also be an important research direction of vacuum insulation panel core material.Therefore,the future development of biomass-based core material VIPs required further diversification of material sources,improvement of preparation methods and processes,clarification of aging and performance under service conditions,and attention to the development of composite core materials in order to continuously improve VIP performance and expand its application domains.