废弃生物质复合相变材料的构建与应用

Construction and application of waste biomass composite phase change materials

相变材料(PCM)可以通过自身的相变来储存或向外释放热量,从而减少能源供需失衡,提高能源的有效利用,但其固液相变过程中的泄漏和导热性差等缺点限制了其进一步发展。废弃生物质材料是一类可再生能源,价格低廉,来源广泛,大多属于多孔介质,是相变材料的良好载体。废弃生物质复合PCM利用生物质丰富的孔结构高效封装PCM,不仅改善了这些缺点,而且实现了固碳。本文综述了几种常与废弃生物质复合的相变材料(聚乙二醇、石蜡和脂肪酸)的基本性质、相变特性和结合方法,总结了废弃生物质复合PCM的构建方法以及在太阳能利用、建筑节能、热致变色纺织品、冷链温度控制、农业技术等领域的应用,讨论了生物质复合PCM的发展局限性和未来展望。本综述将为推进生物质复合PCM的研究提供参考,这对于资源循环利用以及绿色低碳发展至关重要。

Phase change material(PCM)can store or release heat through their own phase change,thus reducing the energy supply-demand imbalance and improving the effective use of energy,but their drawbacks such as leakage during solid-liquid phase change and poor thermal conductivity limit their further development.Waste biomass materials are a class of renewable energy,inexpensive,widely available,and mostly belong to porous media,which are good carriers of PCM.Waste biomass composites utilize the rich pore structure of biomass to efficiently encapsulate PCM,which not only improves the drawbacks mentioned above,but also achieves carbon sequestration.This paper reviews the basic properties,phase change characteristics and binding methods of several PCMs(polyethylene glycol,paraffin wax and fatty acids)that are often composited with waste biomass,summarizes the construction methods of waste biomass composites as well as their applications in the fields of solar energy utilization,architectural energy saving,thermochromic textiles,cold chain temperature control,agricultural technology,etc.,and discusses the development limitations and future prospects of biomass composites.This review provides a reference for advancing the research of biomass composites,which is crucial for resource recycling as well as green and low-carbon development.