从探索产业布局到完善服务体系:我国智慧养老政策的演化历程与问题探究

From Exploring Industrial Layout to Enhancing Service Systems:The Evolutionary Process and Issues of China's Smart Elderly Care Policies

智慧养老政策是我国老龄社会治理的重要抓手。本文运用大数据文本分析中的LDA主题模型和共现分析法,通过对2014—2023年2782份智慧养老政策的全样本分析,发现:十年间我国智慧养老政策重点关注养老信息化、基本民生保障、养老模式创新、服务体系建设、数字化建设、养老发展规划等六大主题,呈现探索产业布局的早期规划阶段、培育养老新业态的服务升级阶段和提质增效的服务体系完善阶段的演化历程;在逐渐建立中国式智慧养老政策体系,助力智慧产业发展与老龄社会治理的同时,也面临智慧养老政策设计单一、政策内容粗放、政策分布差异明显等挑战。未来我国智慧养老政策制定需要强化跨部门协同治理,关注不同老年群体的差异化需求,加大对企业的激励力度,更好地服务于我国老龄社会治理。

Smart elderly care policies are a critical tool of governance in China's aging society.This paper utilizes big data text analysis,specifically the LDA theme model and co-occurrence analysis,to analysis a full sample of 2,782 smart elderly care policy documents from 2014 to 2023.It reveals that over the decade,China's smart elderly care policies have primarily focused on six themes:elderly care informatization,basic livelihood security,innovative elderly care models,service system construction,digitalization,and elderly care development planning.The evolutionary process of these policies is marked by three stages:early planning of industry layout,service upgrading for nurturing new forms of elderly care,and enhancing and improving the service system.While progressively establishing a Chinese-style smart elderly care policy system to support the development of smart industries and governance of an aging society,there are also face the challenges such as monolithic policy design,extensive policy content,and obvious differences in the distribution of the policy.Future smart elderly care policy formulation in China needs to strengthen cross-sectoral collaborative governance,address the differentiated needs of various elderly groups,increase incentives for enterprise to better serve the governance of China's aging society.