中国式现代化视域下退役军人就业创业政策的历史演进与机制研究

Research on the Historical Evolution and Mechanism of Veteran Employment and Entrepreneurship Policies from the Perspective of Chinese-style Modernization

退役军人就业创业是新时代退役军人工作的重要举措和战略导向,既关系到退役军人的人力资源开发和自我价值实现,又与国防和军队现代化建设、提高兵源素质和军队实力密不可分,对经济社会的长治久安与高质量发展产生影响。以修正后的“间断-均衡”解释框架为基本依据,通过与政策范式逻辑下的价值理念转换与序列变化分析有机结合,描绘新中国成立75年以来退役军人就业创业政策的演变轨迹与微观模式。依据政策图景、政策场域的变化与政策总体性目标、政策工具及其精准性设置的调整,退役军人就业创业政策的历史演进可划分为八个历史时期,由四个均衡期和四个间断期构成。在“间断-均衡”的更迭演进背后,反映的是“现代化-中国的现代化-中国式现代化”的实践探索与时代缩影。展望2035年远景目标规划,退役军人就业创业政策需要深刻把握中国式现代化的本质特征,关注退役军人的主体性价值,以国家治理体系和治理能力现代化回应多重困境和现实挑战。

The employment and entrepreneurship of veterans are crucial measure and strategic directions in the preferential treatment and placement of veterans in the new era.These policies not only relate to the human resource development and realization of self-worth for veterans but also integral to national defense and military modernization,improving the quality of troops and military strength,and impacting long-term social stability and high-quality economic development.Based on the revised"Punctuated-equilibrium"explanatory framework,this study combines the transformation of value concepts and the sequential changes under the policy paradigm to depict the trajectory and micro-patterns of veteran employment and entrepreneurship policies since the founding of People's Republic of China 75 years ago.By analyzing changes in policy landscape,policy fields,overall policy objectives,and the precision adjustment of policy tools,the historical evolution of employment and entrepreneurship policies for veterans can be divided into eight historical periods,consisting of four equilibrium and four discontinuity phases.Behind the alternation of Punctuated-equilibrium,the practice of"modernization—Chinese modernization—Chinesestyle modernization"and its reflections on the times are revealed.Looking forward to the long-term goals of 2035,the employment and entrepreneurship policies for veterans led by the Communist Party of China need to deeply understand the essential characteristics of the Chinese-style modernization,consider the subjective value of veterans,and respond to multiple challenges with the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.