杂卤石矿质肥料对烟草生长及烟叶养分含量的影响

Effects of Polyhalite Mineral Fertilizer on Tobacco Growth and Nutrient Content in Tobacco Leaves

[目的]通过新型处理(POLY4以及POLY4复合肥料)与传统方式(硫酸钾)比较,评估POLY4作为钾肥添加对烟草产量和质量的影响;同时比较硫酸钾、POLY4复合肥料硫与不同比例的POLY4对烟草产量和产值的影响,评价新型处理(POLY4及POLY4复合肥料)对土壤养分有效性的影响,为新型钾肥杂卤石及合理施肥配比在烟草生产中应用提供科学依据。[方法]通过杂卤石配施硫酸钾对烤烟农艺性状、产量、产值、内在化学品质以及养分含量与吸收的影响对烟草施用杂卤石替代部分硫酸钾在烤烟上的施用效果进行研究。[结果]不施钾肥烟株田间长势和农艺性状表现较差,当施用POLY肥料烟株田间农艺性状表现优于习惯处理;不施钾处理的产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例和中上等烟比例最低,显著低于其他施钾处理,施用POLY肥料处理的产量、产值、均价、上等烟和中上等烟比例高于习惯处理;不施钾处理下、中、上3个部位烟叶的内在化学品质均较差,尤其氧化钾含量和两糖差均不符合要求,且烟碱偏低。施用POLY肥料的相关处理烟叶内在化学品质优于习惯处理,尤其烟叶钾含量相对较高,烟碱含量相对适中;不施钾处理旺长期叶片和打顶期茎、叶钾含量最低,施用POLY处理全钾含量高于习惯处理,施用POLY处理钙、镁和硫含量高于习惯处理;不施钾处理土壤钾含量较低,施用POLY处理土壤速效钾和电导率高于不施钾和习惯处理。[结论]在土壤有效养分都不高的烟田,杂卤石是一个较好的可促进烟叶钾钙镁协调供应的肥料,适量施用杂卤石并配施硫酸钾可提高烟叶的各项指标,并促进烟叶产量和质量的提升。

[Objective]To evaluate the effects of the addition of POLY4 as a potassium fertilizer on tobacco yield and quality by comparing the new treatment(POLY4 and POLY4 compound fertilizer)with the traditional treatment(potassium sulfate).At the same time,the effects of potassium sulfate,POLY4 compound fertilizer sulfur and POLY4 in different proportions on tobacco yield and production value were compared,and the effect of new treatment(POLY4 and POLY4 compound fertilizer)on soil nutrient availability was evaluated finally,which provided a scientific basis for the application of new potassium fertilizer polyhalite and the reasonable fertilization ratio in tobacco production.[Method]Effect of applying heterohalite to replace part of potassium sulfate on flue-cured tobacco was studied through the effect of heterohalite combined with potassium sulfate on agronomic traits,yield,output value,internal chemical quality and nutrient content and absorption of flue-cured tobacco.[Result]The field growth performance and agronomic traits of tobacco plants without K fertilizer were poor.The field agronomic traits of tobacco plants with POLY fertilizer were better than those with habit treatment.The yield,output value,average price,proportion of fine tobacco and proportion of medium and fine tobacco in the treatment without potassium application were the lowest,which were significantly lower than those in other potassium application treatments.The yield,output value,average price,proportion of fine tobacco and proportion of medium and fine tobacco in the treatment with POLY fertilizer were generally better than those in the conventional treatment.The inner chemical quality of tobacco leaves in the three parts without potassium treatment was poorer,especially the potassium oxide content and two sugar difference did not meet the requirements,and nicotine was on the low side.The inner chemical quality of tobacco leaves treated with POLY fertilizer was better than that treated with poly fertilizer,especially the potassium content of tobacco leaves was relatively high,and the nicotine content was relatively moderate.Potassium content in stems and leaves in vigorous growth period and topping period was the lowest without potassium application.Total potassium content in treatment with POLY was higher than that in habitual treatment.Calcium,magnesium and sulfur contents in treatment with POLY were higher than those in habitual treatment.Potassium content in soil without potassium application was lower,and available potassium and electrical conductivity in soil with POLY application were higher than those without potassium application and habitual treatment.[Conclusion]Generally speaking,in tobacco fields where soil available nutrients were not high,polyhalite was a good fertilizer to promote the coordinated supply of potassium,calcium and magnesium in tobacco leaves.Applying appropriate amount of polyhalite and potassium sulfate could improve various indicators of tobacco and promote the improvement of yield and quality of tobacco leaves.