基于优化模糊PID控制器的精准施肥算法研究与应用

Research and Application of Precise Fertilization Algorithm Based on Optimal Fuzzy PID Controller

针对农业生产灌溉施肥过程中水肥施用精度不高,造成资源浪费、土壤板制化的问题,该研究设计了一种基于粒子群优化(PSO)的模糊PID算法控制施肥机的灌溉施肥过程。首先,针对施肥的相关模块以及相应参数,建立施肥机数学模型。然而,基于MATLAB/Simulink平台分别搭建PID控制器、模糊PID控制器以及该文提出的控制器,对建立的系统数学模型进行了控制。仿真结果表明,该控制算法响应时间缩短至30 s,相较于PID、模糊PID分别缩短了63.4%和55.9%。该控制算法除了前期震荡外,基本不存在超调量。为了验证该算法在实际应用中的可靠性,设计了不同压强下的精度控制试验。结果表明,基于PSO优化的模糊PID控制器在各个压强下都具有良好的控制效果,控制精度在2%左右,而PID控制器的控制精度在20%左右,模糊PID控制器的控制精度在10%左右。由此可见,该研究提出的控制算法在实际应用过程中能够提升灌溉精度。

In the process of irrigation and fertilization in agricultural production,the application accuracy of water and fertilizer is not high,resulting in resource waste and soil plate formation.In this study,a fuzzy PID algorithm based on PSO optimization was designed to control the irrigation and fertilization process of the fertilizer applicator.Firstly,the mathematical model of fertilizer applicator was established according to the relevant modules and parameters of fertilization.Based on MATLAB/Simulink platform,PID controller,fuzzy PID controller and the controller proposed in this paper were built respectively to control the mathematical model of the established system.The simulation results showed that the response time of the proposed control algorithm was reduced to 30 s,which was reduced by 63.4%and 55.9%respectively compared with PID and fuzzy PID.In terms of overshoot,there was basically no overshoot in the proposed control algorithm except for the early oscillation.In order to verify the reliability of the algorithm in practical application,this paper designed precision control tests under different five groups of pressures,and the test results showed that the fuzzy PID control based on PSO optimization had good control effect under various pressures.The control accuracy was concentrated in about 2%,while the control accuracy of PID control was about 20%,and the control accuracy of fuzzy PID control was about 10%.It could be seen that the control algorithm proposed in this study could improve the irrigation accuracy in the practical application process.