浅谈医疗废物与环境保护的研究进展

Research Progress of Medical Waste and Environmental Protection

医疗废物产生于不同的医疗设施,如医院、实验室、兽医诊所、研究中心和疗养院。研究发现,医疗废物总量中有15%是有害的,可能具有传染性、毒性或放射性。危险性废物是一种特殊类型的废物,如果不加以适当处理,可能对人类健康和环境构成风险。医疗废物含有潜在的有害微生物,可在医疗废物、医院病人和公众中传播,导致严重疾病。在垃圾填埋场处置医疗废物而不进行隔离和处理,将导致有害微生物、化学品或药品进入土壤和地下水,造成污染。为了减少医疗废物的负面影响,应制定废物管理办法。为了尽量减少人类健康风险,还必须通过各种宣传和教育方法,在保健专业人员和一般公众中建立认识。本文的目的是介绍医疗废物的总体概况、类别、管理办法以及不当废物管理对人类健康和环境造成的风险。

Medical waste is generated in different medical facilities such as hospitals,laboratories,veterinary clinics,research centers and nursing homes.The study found that 15%of total medical waste is hazardous and can be infectious,toxic or radioactive.Hazardous waste is a special type of waste that,if not properly disposed of,may pose risks to human health and the environment.Clinical waste contains potentially harmful microorganisms that can spread among medical waste,hospital patients and the general public,causing serious illness.Disposal of medical waste in landfills without isolation and treatment will lead to the introduction of harmful microorganisms,chemicals or medicines into soil and groundwater,causing pollution.In order to reduce the negative impact of medical waste,waste management practices should be developed.In order to minimize risks to human health,awareness must also be created among health professionals and the general public through a variety of information and education methods.The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview,categories,management practices and risks to human health and the environment posed by improper waste management.