平等保护民营经济经营自由的宪法逻辑——基于我国《宪法》第11条的展开

The Constitutional Logic of Equally Protecting the Freedom of Operation of the Private Economy:An Analysis Based on Article 1l of the Constitution

以改革开放以来的宪法变迁史与民营经济发展史为背景,我国《宪法》第11条所蕴含的民营经济平等权与经营自由内涵不容忽视。《宪法》第11条与民营经济关系最为紧密,《宪法》第11条中“个体经济”、“私营经济”与“非公有制经济”是民营经济的宪法表达。作为政策性条款的《宪法》第11条,对基本权利具有“制约”与“填充”作用,而基本权利对《宪法》第11条具有“回馈”作用,《宪法》第11条与基本权利共同构成了民营经济立法的自由空间。《宪法》第11条兼具平等权与经营自由的规范内涵,平等权蕴含在宪法规范变迁中的宪法地位与国家态度的变迁当中,经营自由蕴含在国家对民营经济保护义务的客观法内涵当中,二者关系是渐进先行的平等权引领经营自由的事实发展。

Based on the history of constitutional amendments and the history of the development of the private economy since the reform and opening up,the connotation of the right to equality and freedom of operation of the private economy contained in Article 11 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China cannot be ignored.Article 11 of the Constitution is most closely related to the private economy,and the terms of“individual economy”,“private economy”and“non-public economy”in Article 11 of the Constitution are the constitutional expressions of the private economy.Article 11 of the Constitution,as a policy provision,plays the role of“restricting”and“filling”basic rights,while basic rights have a“feedback”effect on Article 11 of the Constitution.Together,Article 11 of the Constitution and basic rights create a free space for the legislation of the private economy.Article 11 of the Constitution has both the normative connotation of the right to equality and the freedom of operation.The right to equality is reflected in the changes of constitutional status and the national attitude within the amendment of constitutional norms,and the freedom of operation is reflected in the objective legal connotation of the state’s obligation to protect the private economy.The relationship between the two is one where the progressive priority of the right to equality guides the factual development of the freedom of operation.