互联网企业的侦查协助义务:类型与边界

Investigative Assistance Obligations of Internet Enterprises:From the Perspective of Types and Boundaries

互联网企业掌握着海量的公民个人信息数据与先进的数字技术,这使其成为侦查中的重要协助主体。互联网企业协助侦查工作的必要性毋庸置疑,对侦查机关有效打击网络犯罪、提升侦查效益大有助益。因而,立法与司法实践均规定了互联网企业的侦查协助义务,主要包括数据留存义务、犯罪风险监测与报告义务、提供数据与技术支持义务以及数据披露义务。然而,互联网企业的侦查协助义务存在不足和困境,集中体现在《刑事诉讼法》及其相关规定中对侦查协助义务的边界规定模糊,以及侦查协助实践中对公民个人信息保护的忽视,进而导致“国家权力—公民权利”的互动关系显著失衡。为此,应当明确互联网企业的侦查协助义务边界,对各类侦查协助义务进行层级化建构,从而在实现打击犯罪目标的同时,切实保障公民的个人信息相关权利。

Internet enterprises are in possession of a huge amount of data on citizens’personal information and advanced digital technology,which makes them an important assisting actors in investigations.The necessity for internet companies to assist in investigations is indisputable,and is of great benefit in effectively combating cybercrime and enhancing the efficiency of investigations.Consequently,both legislation and judicial practice have stipulated the investigative assistance obligations of internet companies,which primarily include data retention obligations,crime risk monitoring and reporting obligations,provision of data and technical support obligations,and data disclosure obligations.However,there are shortcomings and challenges in the investigative assistance obligations of internet companies.which are mainly reflected in the blurring of the boundaries of the investigative assistance obligations in the Criminal Procedure Law and its related regulations,as well as the neglect of the protection of citizens’personal information in the practice of investigative assistance.This has led to a significant imbalance in the interaction between state power and citizens’rights.Therefore,it is imperative to clarify the boundaries of internet companies’investigative assistance obligations and to construct a hierarchical framework for various types of investigative assistance obligations.This approach aims to achieve the goal of combating crime while effectively safeguarding citizens’personal information rights.