《毛诗序》的儒家交往行为美学思想

The Aesthetic Thought of Confucian Communication Behavior in Mao Shi Xu

《毛诗序》的儒家交往行为美学思想,主要体现在三个方面:一,“上以风化下”:教化美学的儒家交往行为美学意义;二,“下以风刺上”:儒家交往行为美学美谏说的发生语境;三,美颂:服务于人神交往的颂歌。“上以风化下”之风具有自然界之风、教化之风和风俗风貌之风的含义,具有教化美学和儒家交往行为美学的双重规定性。“上以风化下”教化美学的儒家交往行为美学内涵具有乐教传统渊源。《毛诗序》所涉及到的诸多思想观点,如《毛诗序》“诗之六义”,从西周六诗发展为《毛诗序》诗之六义的过程,都需要溯源到西周乐教传统中才能得到更深刻的理解。而温柔敦厚是教化美学的儒家交往行为美学效果。“下以风刺上”的儒家交往行为美学美谏说还植根于采诗献诗传统、庶民议政、庶民议政传统中断的发生语境。在《毛诗序》“下以风刺上”中,“主文而谲谏”的儒家交往行为美学美谏说具有温柔敦厚的儒家交往行为美学效果。《毛诗序》的儒家交往行为美学思想还体现在美颂说上。颂诗交往行为的具体形式主要包括两种:一是作诗歌颂报恩;二是祭祀报恩,二者共同凸显了诗歌发生的巫术文化根源。《毛诗序》的美颂说代表了汉代美学将义理之学与原始儒家巫术神秘主义结合的大趋势。

The aesthetic ideas of communicative behavior in Mao Shi Xu are mainly reflected in the following three aspects:Firstly,“By feng,those above transform those below”,which contains the Confucian communicative behavior of enlightening aesthetics.Secondly,“by feng,those below criticize those above”,which is under the context of the Confucian communicative behavior aesthetics.Thirdly,a hymn serves as a bridge that connects human and gods.“The feng,those above transform those below”,has the meaning of nature,education,and customs and features,with the dual prescriptive nature of educational aesthetics and Confucian communicative behavior aesthetics.The educational aesthetics connotation contained in the Confucian communication behavior has a traditional source of music education.The thoughts involved in Mao Shi Xu,such as the“Six Meanings of Poetry”,need to be traced back to the Western Zhou’s music education tradition in order to better understand the development of the Six Meanings of Mao Shi Xu,because it originated from the Six Poetry of the Western Zhou Dynasty.And gentleness and honesty are the aesthetic effects of Confucian communicative behavior in educational aesthetics.While the aesthetic admonition theory is also rooted in the context of the tradition of poetry collection and offering,the discussion of politics among plebeians,and the traditional interruption of discussing politics among plebeians.In Mao Shi Xu,the aesthetic admonition theory of“suggesting euphemism through literary texts”has an aesthetic effect.The aesthetic ideology of Confucian communicative behavior in Mao Shi Xu is also reflected in the theory of aesthetic praise.The specific forms of poetic communication mainly include two types:first,composing poems are to praise and repay kindness.The second is to sacrifice and repay kindness,which together highlight the cultural roots of witchcraft in poetry.The theory of beauty and praise in Mao Shi Xu represents the trend to combine the righteousness and reason with the mysticism of primitive Confucian witchcraft in Han Dynasty.