不同生长速度猪肠道的形态结构、短链脂肪酸及菌群的分析

Analysis of intestinal morphology structure,short-chain fatty acids,and flora in pigs with different growth rates

试验旨在研究不同生长速度猪的肠道形态结构、短链脂肪酸及肠道菌群之间的差异。选取50头日龄、体重相近的仔猪,在60、240日龄测定所有猪的生长指标数据,计算平均日增重(ADG),选择ADG最高的4头猪作为高日增重组(HW组),ADG最低的4头猪作为低日增重组(LW组),测定肠道形态、肠道内容物中短链脂肪酸含量及菌群差异。结果表明,在肠道形态结构上,HW组大肠相对重量显著低于LW组(P<0.05),小肠的重量、长度、肠道密度以及大肠的长度均高于LW组。在肠道内容物中短链脂肪酸方面,HW组的回肠和结肠中乙酸含量均显著高于LW组(P<0.05),回肠中戊酸和结肠中丁酸含量均显著低于LW组(P<0.05)。菌群结构Alpha多样性分析表明,HW组的回肠Ace指数显著低于LW组(P<0.05);微生物组成分析表明,回肠与结肠存在2个差异菌门,回肠和结肠中各存在14个差异菌属。研究表明,猪肠道的重量、长度及密度与生长速度存在一定的相关性,挥发性脂肪酸中乙酸、戊酸和丁酸的含量以及肠道菌群对猪的生长速度存在调控作用,但具体机制还需进一步研究。

The experiment aimed to study the differences in intestinal morphological structure,short-chain fatty acids,and gut microbiota among pigs with different growth rates.Fifty piglets with similar dates and body weights were selected,and determined the growth index data for all pigs at the ages of 60 and 240 days,and the average daily gain(ADG)was calculated.Four pigs with the highest ADG were selected as the high daily weight gain group(HW group),and the four pigs with the lowest ADG were selected as the low daily weight gain group(LW group).Intestinal morphology,the content of short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal contents,and differences in the microbiota were measured.The results showed that in terms of intestinal morphological structure,the relative weight of the large intestine in the HW group was significantly lower than that in the LW group(P<0.05),while the weight,length,intestinal density,and length of the small intestine were all higher than those in the LW group.In terms of short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal contents,the content of acetic acid in the ileum and colon of the HW group was significantly higher than that in the LW group(P<0.05),while the content of valeric acid in the ileum and butyric acid in the colon was significantly lower than that in the LW group(P<0.05).Alpha diversity analysis of the microbial community structure showed that the Ace index in the ileum of the HW group was significantly lower than that in the LW group(P<0.05).Microbial composition analysis showed that there were two different phyla in ileum and genus,with 14 different genera respectively.The study indicates that there is a certain correlation between the weight,length,and density of the intestine and the growth rate of pigs,the content of volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid,valeric acid,and butyric acid,as well as the gut microbiota,have a regulatory effect on the growth rate of pigs,but the specific mechanisms still need further research.