生态环境免罚清单的规范检视与完善路径

Normative Review and Improvement Path of Ecological Environment Impunity List

以2021年《行政处罚法》第33条为依据,免罚清单制度已经在生态环境保护领域得到广泛的适用。然而,由于对生态环境免罚清单的本质属性存在争议,影响到该制度的有效实施。生态环境免罚清单应定位为适应经济社会发展需要而产生的行政裁量基准,而不是行政处罚。以裁量基准视角对实践中的生态环境免罚清单予以检视,能够从要件裁量、效果裁量、逸脱条款等方面对存在问题进行解释和分析。生态环境免罚清单的完善,需要进一步规范各类免罚情形的“要件裁量”、以逸脱条款扩充“首违不罚”效果裁量的空间、妥善处理生态环境免罚清单与生态环境行政处罚裁量基准的关系、完善生态环境免罚清单的适用程序。

Based on Article 33 of the Administrative Punishment Law of 2021,the impunity list system has been widely applied in the field of ecological environmental protection.However,due to the con⁃troversy over the essential attributes of the ecological environment impunity list,the effective implementation of the system is affected.The ecological environmental impunity list should be positioned as administrative discretion benchmark to meet the needs of economic and social development,rather than ad⁃ministrative punishment.This paper examines the ecological environmental impunity list in practice from the perspective of discretion benchmark,and can explain and analyze the existing problems from the aspects of essential elements discretion,effect discretion and escape clause.To improve the ecological environment im⁃punity list,it is necessary to further standardize the“essential elements discretion”of various types of im⁃punity cases,expand the space of the“first violation impunity”effect discretion with the escape clause,properly deal with the relationship between the ecological environment impunity list and the ecological envi⁃ronment administrative punishment discretion benchmark,and improve the application procedures of the ec⁃ological environment impunity list.