生态保护补偿制度的功能定位与体系构造

Function Positioning and System Construction of Ecological Protection Compensation System

生态保护补偿制度的功能定位,是专门立法和该领域法学研究的核心议题。目前,学界对生态保护补偿制度定位的认知还存在理论误区,难以有效解释立法并指导实践,亟待理性审视。在激励类型上,生态保护补偿属于补偿环境资源使用权受限型激励,以“生态保护公法义务+补偿支出公法义务”作为主要激励范式。实然和应然层面的生态保护补偿激励本质为公法义务导向型激励。公法义务导向型激励定位,为准确理解我国生态保护补偿整体制度实践提供了分析框架,并塑造了与之相应的制度构造。生态保护补偿条例的制定,在理念和制度上深受公法义务导向型激励影响,但是,后续立法完善仍有待深化应然定位,实现体系性与规范化的融合。

The functional positioning of the ecological protection compensation system is a core issue of specialized legislation and legal research in this field.At present,there are still theoretical misconceptions in the academic community regarding the positioning of the ecological protection compensation system,which makes it difficult to effectively explain legislation and guide practice,and requires rational examina⁃tion.In terms of incentive types,ecological protection compensation belongs to the type of incentive that compensates for the limited use rights of environmental resources,with the main incentive paradigm being“ecological protection public law obligation+compensation expenditure public law obligation”.The essence of ecological protection compensation incentives at the level of reality and necessity is public law obligation oriented incentives.The public law obligation oriented incentive positioning provides an analytical framework for a deep understanding of the overall system practice of ecological protection compensation in China,Shaped corresponding institutional structures.The formulation of ecological protection compensation regulations is deeply influenced by public law obligation oriented incentives in terms of concept and system.However,subsequent legislative adjustments still need to be deepened and positioned as they should be,achieving the integration of systematization and standardization.