共建“冰上丝绸之路”下北方航道利用环境与安全法律规制协调研究

Coordination of Environmental and Safety Regulation on the Northern Sea Route Utilization from the Perspective of Jointly Building the Ice Silk Road

中俄共建“冰上丝绸之路”是中俄合作在新时期面临的新机遇。北方航道是“冰上丝绸之路”倡议的重要组成部分。在两国建交75周年之际,中俄有望进一步根据双方联合声明培育共建“冰上丝绸之路”合作新动能。俄罗斯有关北方航道利用的国内法存在海洋环境保护法律规制与航行安全保障法律规制之间不协调的情况。这种不协调影响了包括中国在内北极利益攸关方便利利用北方航道。在中俄总理定期会晤委员会机制框架下成立的中俄北极航道合作分委会,有助于在中俄之间达成协调北方航道利用的环境与安全法律规制的外交共识。这种外交共识一旦达成后,中国可进一步考虑与俄罗斯共同促成双向互惠安排,以在中俄之间实现北方航道利用的海洋环境保护与航行安全保障法律规制的协调。此类双向互惠安排可涉及北方航道破冰引航、北方航道航行许可发放、北方航道航行海事信息汇报、港口国检查、上下俄罗斯籍船舶许可的发放、登临检查等方面。中国从北方航道基础设施建设、船舶技术和建造合作、融资支持、执法合作等方面全方位参与北方航道建设,有助于最大程度确保中俄双向互惠安排的达成与落实。

The joint construction of the Ice Silk Road is a new cooperation opportunity for China and Russia in the new historical period.The Northern Sea Route is a key element of the Ice Silk Road Initiative.On the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia,both sides will further promote more cooperation on the Ice Silk Road according to the joint statement of the two states.There is an out⁃of⁃balance phenomenon in Russia's domestic law regarding the utilization of the Northern Sea Route between the marine environmental protection regulations and the guarantees for the safety of naviga⁃tion regulations.Such coordination problem has affected the utilization of the Northern Sea Routes facilita⁃tion of international communication.The establishment of the sub⁃committee about the Northern Sea Route cooperation under the committee on regular meetings between Chinese and Russian heads of government helps to reach a diplomatic consensus between two states on the coordination of environment and safety regu⁃lation on the Northern Sea Route utilization.Under the above conditions,it is suggested that China strives to conclude mutual benefit arrangements with Russia to coordinate the legal regulations on the protection of the marine environment and the guarantees for the safety of navigation in the utilization of the Northern Sea Route.Those arrangements involve ice breaking and piloting,issuance of navigation permits,and reporting of maritime information for navigation of the Northern Sea route,and port state inspections,issuance of per⁃mits for boarding and disembarking Russian vessels,and boarding inspections.In order to ensure the con⁃clusion and implementation of such arrangements,China could fully engage in the cooperation of the North⁃ern Sea Route's infrastructure,ship technology and construction,financing,and law enforcement.