中医药治疗甲状腺结节的研究进展

Research progress in traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of thyroid nodules

甲状腺结节是一种内分泌系统疾病,具有较高的发病率,其中良性结节比较多见。大部分良性结节患者无明显的临床症状,少数会出现颈部肿胀、颈前区压迫、吞咽不适,不过通常都比较轻微,因此容易被忽视。近年来,随着人们生活方式的改变以及临床诊疗技术的进步,甲状腺结节发病率与检出率均有所提高。现阶段西医针对本病尚未研发出特效疗法,主要是定期进行随访观察,某些特殊情况下实施药物及手术治疗,如严重压迫、恶变倾向、合并甲亢等,虽能取得一定疗效,但存在功能减退、组织破坏等风险,还有可能带来剧烈疼痛、恶心呕吐等不良反应。中医将该病归属于瘿病、瘿瘤范畴,对其病因机制认识历史悠久,治疗经验丰富,治疗方法独特而多样,在缩小结节体积、减轻临床症状等方面均有积极作用,且不良反应也较少,兼具有效性和安全性。本文在查阅大量文献的基础上,对近年来中医药治疗甲状腺结节相关研究进展进行综述,以期为临床治疗工作的高效开展提供理论依据。

Thyroid nodule is an endocrine system disease with a high incidence rate,in which benign nodules are more common.Most patients with benign nodules have no obvious clinical symptoms,and a few may have neck swelling,compression of the anterior cervical region,and swallowing discomfort,but they are usually mild so easily ignored.In recent years,with the change of people's lifestyle and the progress of clinical diagnosis and treatment technology,the incidence rate and detection rate of thyroid nodules have increased.At this stage,western medicine has not yet developed a specific treatment for this disease,mainly through regular follow-up observation.In some special cases,drug and surgical treatment are implemented,such as severe compression,malignant tendency and combined with hyperthyroidism.Although certain therapeutic effects can be achieved,there are risks of functional decline,tissue destruction and may also bring adverse reactions such as severe pain,nausea and vomiting.Traditional Chinese medicine classifies this disease as the scope of gall disease and gall tumor.It has a long history of understanding its etiology and mechanism,rich experience in treatment,unique and diverse treatment methods,and has a positive effect in reducing the volume of nodules and alleviating clinical symptoms,and has fewer adverse reactions,which is both effective and safe.On the basis of consulting a large number of documents,this paper reviews the relevant research progress in the treatment of thyroid nodules with traditional Chinese medicine in recent years,in order to provide theoretical basis for the efficient development of clinical treatment.