透明土试验技术在滑坡降雨入渗中的研究与应用

Research and application of transparent soil test

由于滑坡体内部结构的复杂性和不可视性,使得滑坡降雨入渗及其渗流过程无法直观观测,从而难于查明滑坡灾变演化全阶段中降雨入渗的具体作用过程,导致降雨诱发滑坡成灾机制的认识存在不确定性,因此,发展可以观测滑坡内部降雨入渗灾变过程的新技术手段,对深入理解降雨诱发滑坡灾变机理具有重要意义。而透明土试验技术则使岩土体内部非介入式、连续、无损、可视化测量得以实现。从透明土材料特性、岩土工程性质、试验设备与图像处理解析技术等方面,总结透明土试验技术发展现状及其在不同领域的应用,重点概述该技术在边坡工程领域的应用和渗流过程可视化模拟中的实践,并讨论将其应用于滑坡渗流直观观测的可行性。在此基础上,针对透明土材料进行筛选和对制备方法进行优化,利用透明土替代传统土工模型材料建立适用于渗流过程观测的滑坡透明土物理模型,开展降雨条件下滑坡渗流物理模拟试验,获取降雨入渗诱发滑坡灾变全过程信息,确定滑坡体内部地下水渗流过程及其变化特征。该模型试验是透明土试验技术在滑坡渗流可视化观测领域一次有效的应用实践,拓展了滑坡灾害可视化模拟新途径,进一步确定地下水渗流对滑坡的复杂影响,有利于揭示降雨诱发滑坡演化规律、深入探索滑坡滑动机制,为降雨滑坡灾害防治和灾害规划提供科技支撑。

The detailed seepage process and rainfall infiltration temporal variation cannot be observed visually due to the complexity and non-visibility of the internal structure of landslide body,thus making it difficult to identify the specific process of rainfall in the whole process of landslide catastrophic evolution,which leads to the incomplete understanding of the formation mechanism of rainfall-induced landslide.Therefore,the new technological methods for directly observing and monitoring the infiltration and seepage process of rainfall-induced landslide is of great significance for deep understanding the formation mechanism of landslide induced by raining.Transparent soil test technology enables non-invasive,continuous,non-destructive and visual measurement or monitoring inside soil or rock mass bodies.In this paper,the cur-rent status of the development of transparent soil testing technology and its application in different fields especially in the application of slope engineering and practice in the visual simulation of seepage processes are summarized from the as-pects of transparent soil material properties,geotechnical engineering properties,experimental equipment and image pro-cessing analysis technology,and the feasibility of applying it to the visual observation of seepage in landslide is discussed.On this basis,the transparent soil material is screened and the preparation method is optimized.The transparent soil is used to replace the traditional geotechnical model material to establish a landslide transparent soil physical model suitable for seepage process observation.The physical simulation test of landslide seepage under rainfall conditions is carried out to obtain information on the whole process of rainfall infiltration-induced landslide disaster,and to determine the process and characteristics of the seepage process of the groundwater.The model test is an effective application of transparent soil test technology in the field of landslide seepage visual observation,expanding a new way of landslide disaster visual simula-tion,and further determining the complex impact of groundwater seepage on landslide.It is conducive to reveal the evolu-tion law of rainfall-induced landslide,explore the sliding mechanism of landslide,and provide a scientific and technologic-al support for rainfall landslide disaster prevention and disaster planning.