机械敏感性离子通道Piezo在消化系统疾病中的作用

The Role of Mechanical Sensitive Ion Channel Piezo in Digestive System Diseases

Piezo蛋白是一种非选择性机械敏感性阳离子通道,能够响应压力、剪切应力等机械刺激,将机械信号转化为胞内的生物电活动,引起特定的生物学效应。在消化系统中,Piezo有助于维持消化吸收、物质代谢和免疫调节等正常生理活动,但Piezo的异常状态能够促进内脏高敏感、肠黏膜屏障功能障碍、免疫炎症等多个病理环节,参与消化系统疾病的发生发展。故本文对Piezo蛋白的结构、生理特性,及其在消化系统肿瘤、炎性疾病、纤维化疾病和功能性疾病中的作用进行综述,以期为消化系统疾病的机制研究和潜在治疗靶点的探索提供新的思路。

The Piezo protein is a non-selective mechanosensitive cation channel that exhibits sensitivity to mechanical stimuli such as pressure and shear stress.It converts mechanical signals into bioelectric activity within cells,thus triggering specific biological responses.In the digestive system,Piezo protein plays a crucial role in maintaining normal physiological activities,including digestion,absorption,metabolic regulation,and immune modulation.However,dysregulation in Piezo protein expression may lead to the occurrence of several pathological conditions,including visceral hypersensitivity,impairment of intestinal mucosal barrier function,and immune inflammation.Therefore,conducting a comprehensive review of the physiological functions and pathological roles of Piezo protein in the digestive system is of paramount importance.In this review,we systematically summarize the structural and dynamic characteristics of Piezo protein,its expression patterns,and physiological functions in the digestive system.We particularly focus on elucidating the mechanisms of action of Piezo protein in digestive system tumor diseases,inflammatory diseases,fibrotic diseases,and functional disorders.Through the integration of the latest research findings,we have observed that Piezo protein plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various digestive system diseases.There exist intricate interactions between Piezo protein and multiple phenotypes of digestive system tumors such as proliferation,apoptosis,and metastasis.In inflammatory diseases,Piezo protein promotes intestinal immune responses and pancreatic trypsinogen activation,contributing to the development of ulcerative colitis,Crohn’s disease,and pancreatitis.Additionally,Piezo1,through pathways involving co-action with the TRPV4 ion channel,facilitates neutrophil recruitment and suppresses HIF-1α ubiquitination,thereby mediating organ fibrosis in organs like the liver and pancreas.Moreover,Piezo protein regulation by gut microbiota or factors like age and gender can result in increased or decreased visceral sensitivity,and alterations in intestinal mucosal barrier structure and permeability,which are closely associated with functional disorders like irritable bowel sydrome(IBS)and functional consitipaction(FC).A thorough exploration of Piezo protein as a potential therapeutic target in digestive system diseases can provide a scientific basis and theoretical support for future clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies.