木质素生物降解研究进展

Research progress of biological decomposition lignin

微生物在木质素降解过程中发挥重要的作用。综述了木质素的结构特点、生物降解的微生物种类(包括真菌、放线菌和细菌)、关键降解酶(漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、多功能过氧化物酶、染料脱色过氧化物酶等)及关键酶降解木质素的机理、以及木质素资源化利用(合成脂质、聚羟基烷酸酯、香兰素和饲料等高附加值产品等)的最新进展。然而,目前木质素的降解速率仍然相对较低,这极大地限制了其应用。进一步提出通过基因工程和代谢工程等技术可以提高木质素降解效率和提高转化效率。期望为木质素的综合利用提供理论支持。

Microorganisms play an important role in the degradation of lignin.The structural characteristics of lignin,the latest development of microbial species(including fungi,actinomycetes,and bacteria),key enzymes(laccase,lignin peroxidase,manganese peroxidase,versatile peroxidase,dye-decolorizing peroxidases,etc.)and mechanism of lignin degradation by the key enzymes,and synthesized high value-added products(including lipids,polyhydroxyalkanoates,vanillin,and feed,etc.)are reviewed.However,the degradation rate of lignin is still relatively low,which greatly limits its application.Some efficient methods are proposed for improving the degradation efficiency and transformation efficiency of lignin,including genetic engineering and metabolic engineering technologies.The main aim is to provide theoretical support for the comprehensive utilization of lignin.