不同硒水平地区居民硒暴露及健康风险评估

Assessment of selenium exposure and health risks among residents in areas with different selenium levels

为明晰来自不同硒水平地区人群的硒营养状况,在温汤镇招募到本地居民76名(暴露人群)、苏州、无锡、常州及上海的外地游客116名(对照人群)参与问卷调查,收集基本信息、生活习惯、膳食频率等,采集温汤镇和临湖镇土壤、水、大气颗粒物以及温汤镇食物样品检测硒含量,并依据美国环境保护署的经典健康风险评估“四步法”分析两地居民硒外暴露水平、主要暴露途径以及健康风险.温汤本地居民的日均饮食硒摄入量显著高于外地游客,两地居民饮食硒摄入贡献最高的均是蛋类和畜禽肉类.本地居民的平均总硒暴露量也显著高于外地游客,其中饮食是主要暴露途径.本研究中生活在温汤的居民日均硒摄入量基本达到标准,且不存在因硒摄入过量产生的非致癌风险,而88.76%的外地游客硒摄入量不足,这提示生活在非富硒地区的居民需要通过调整饮食结构和饮食来源来提高硒摄入量.

In order to clarify the selenium nutritional status of the population from different selenium levels,76local residents(exposed population)and 116foreign tourists from Suzhou,Wuxi,Changzhou and Shanghai(control population)were recruited to participate in a questionnaire survey in Wentang Town to collect their basic information,living habits,dietary frequency,etc.The selenium content of the soil,water,atmospheric particulate matter and food samples from Wentang and Linhu Towns was analyzed according to the classical health risk assessment method of the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).The selenium exposure levels,exposure pathways and health risks were analyzed according to the classic four-step health risk assessment method of the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA).The average daily dietary selenium intake of local residents was significantly higher than that of foreign tourists,and the highest contributors to the dietary selenium intake of the residents in both areas were eggs and livestock and poultry meat.The average selenium exposure of local residents was also significantly higher than that of foreign tourists,with diet being the main exposure route.In this study,the average daily selenium intake of the residents living in Wentang met the standard,and there was no non-cancer risk due to excessive selenium intake,while 88.76%of the foreign tourists had insufficient selenium intake,which suggests that the residents living in non-selenium-rich areas need to improve selenium intake by adjusting the dietary structure and the source of the diet.