化肥配施人尿对生菜品质和土壤性质的影响

The Effect of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Human Urine on the Quality of Lettuce and Soil Properties

为了研究尿液与化肥不同配比对生菜品质性状和土壤微生物群落的影响,该文以生菜为研究对象,通过盆栽培养的方式,探究适宜生菜生长的尿液与化肥配施比例(CK(不施肥),T1(1.0 g尿素+3.3 g磷酸二氢钙+0.9 g硫酸钾),T2(0.235 gN当量人尿+0.5 g尿素+3.19 g磷酸二氢钙+0.75 g硫酸钾),T3(0.47 gN当量人尿+3.05 g磷酸二氢钙+0.6 g硫酸钾)),并研究不同比例下尿液与化肥配施对土壤理化性质、土壤微生物多样性和土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,尿液与化肥配施能够提高生菜的鲜重和株高,T2水平下生菜的株高和鲜重最高,株高较T1和T3分别提高了25.01%和138.89%,鲜重较T1和T3分别提高了48.81%和67.79%。土壤的理化性质中,TN、TP、AP、AK、NH_(4)^(+)-N、SOM和EC在不同人尿化肥配比下相较于CK处理均有所提高,T3分别较CK提高了29.21%、11.47%、77.38%、54.29%、200%、13.95%和2.94倍。在人尿和化肥配施实验中,高人尿占比会降低生菜土壤的细菌群落丰度,尤其是变形菌门(Proteobac⁃teria)的相对丰度,T1和T2处理使变形菌门的相对丰度较CK增加27.54%和6.68%,而T3处理则使变形菌门的丰度降低了8.32%。综上所述,尿液与化肥配施会提高生菜品质和土壤质量,但是会降低土壤中微生物丰度,在正常施用磷、钾肥的情况下,最佳施用比例为65 mL尿液配0.5 g尿素(1∶1,以N计)。

To investigate how different mixtures of urine and chemical fertilizer impact the quality and characteristics of let-tuce,as well as the soil's microbial community,a study was conducted using lettuce as the focus.The study employed potted cultivation to explore the best combination of urine and chemical fertilizer for optimal lettuce growth.The treatments were as CK(no fertilizer),T1(1.0 g urea+3.3 g monocalcium phosphate+0.9 g potassium sulfate),T2(0.235 gN equivalent of human urine+0.5 g urea+3.19 g monocalcium phosphate+0.75 g potassium sulfate),and T3(0.47 gN equivalent of human urine+3.05 g monocalcium phosphate+0.6 g potassium sulfate).The study also examined the effects of different ratios of urine and chemical fertilizer on soil's physical and chemical properties,soil microbial diversity,and soil microbial community structure.The results indicated that combining urine and chemical fertilizer could boost the weight and height of lettuce.At the T2 level,lettuce has the highest plant height and fresh weight,with a 25.01%and 138.89%increase in plant height compared to T1 and T3,respectively.The fresh weight increased by 48.81%and 67.79%compared to T1 and T3,respectively.Various soil proper-ties like total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),soil organic matter(SOM),and electrical conductivity(EC)all showed improvements under different urine fertiliz-er ratios,with T3 demonstrating the most significant increases.Applying human urine and chemical fertilizer together was found to decrease the abundance of bacteria in the lettuce soil.This effect was more pronounced with higher proportions of urine application,particularly affecting the Proteobacteria phylum.Treatments T1 and T2 increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria by 27.54%and 6.68%respectively,while T3 reduced Proteobacteria abundance by 8.32%.In conclusion,com-bining urine and chemical fertilizer can enhance both lettuce quality and soil health.However,excessive use of urine can reduce the abundance of microorganisms in the soil.Under normal phosphorus and potassium fertilizer usage,the best ratio for application is 65 mL of urine combined with 0.5 g of urea(in a 1∶1 ratio based on nitrogen content).