从废旧稀土荧光粉中回收稀土元素研究进展

Research Progress on Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Waste Rare Earth Phosphors

稀土荧光粉发光效率高、化学稳定性好、发光亮度强,被广泛用于稀土荧光灯中,而荧光灯有一定的使用寿命,其含有大量的稀土元素以及对环境危害的有毒金属,如果不加以回收与利用,势必会对环境和人体健康造成危害。阐述了从废旧稀土荧光粉中回收稀土元素的方法,分析了浮选法、吸附法、机械活化法和微波浸取法等物理法的工艺现状,详细阐述了萃取法、酸浸法、碱熔焙烧法、生物法等化学法的研究现状和潜在问题,并进一步比较不同稀土回收工艺的优缺点。展望了废旧荧光粉中稀土回收利用技术的未来发展,为提高废旧稀土荧光粉资源利用率提供指导。

Rare earth phosphors,which possess high luminous efficiency,good chemical stability and strong luminous brightness,are widely used in rare earth fluorescent lamps.However,fluorescent lamps have a limited service life,which contains a large number of rare earth elements and toxic metals that are harmful to the environment.If not recycled and utilized,they would inevitably cause harm to the environment and human health.In this study,the methods of recovering rare earth elements from waste rare earth phosphors were described,the technological status of physical methods such as flotation,adsorption,mechanical activation and microwave leaching were analyzed,and the research status and potential problems of chemical methods such as extraction,acid leaching,alkali melting roasting and biological method were described in detail.The advantages and disadvantages of different rare earth recovery processes are further compared.The future development of rare earth recovery and utilization technology in waste phosphors is prospected,and guidance is provided for further improving the utilization rate of waste rare earth phosphors.