考虑随机用户均衡的区县级电动汽车快充站规划

Planning of Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Station at District and County Levels Considering Stochastic User Equilibrium

电动汽车渗透率的提高和城市化进程的发展使得区县级充电设施的建设具有重要意义。综合考虑用户充电需求时空分布和用户充电决策中的有限理性,提出一种面向区县的电动汽车快充站优化规划模型。首先,针对区县用户的出行特征,构建包含外部连接的交通网络拓扑扩展形式,采用出行链仿真捕捉用户快充需求;其次,结合影响用户充电选择的多种因素,建立用户充电决策模型并给出随机用户均衡条件;然后,建立以投资运行成本、用户绕行距离最小为目标的多场景快充站选址定容优化模型,通过多种线性化手段处理指数等式均衡约束,将优化问题转换为混合整数线性规划以高效求解;最后,以33节点交通系统为例对快充站规划结果进行分析,验证所提模型和线性近似方法的合理性。

The increasing penetration rate of electric vehicles and the development of urbanization make the construction of charging facilities at the district and county levels very significant.Considering the spatiotemporal distribution of charging demands and the bounded rationality of users′charging decision,an optimal planning model of fast electric vehicle charging stations for districts and counties is proposed.Firstly,according to the travel characteristics of district and county users,the expansion form of the traffic network topology including external connections is constructed,and the trip chain simulation is used to capture the fast charging demands.Secondly,combined with the various factors that affect the user charging choice,the charging decision model is established and the stochastic user equilibrium condition is given.Thirdly,an optimal siting and sizing model of multi-scenario fast charging stations is established to minimize the investment and operation cost and the user detour distance.The equilibrium constraints of exponential equations are dealt with by various linearization methods,and the optimization problem is converted into mixed-integer linear programming for efficient solution.Finally,a 33-bus transportation system is taken as a case to analyze the planning results of the fast charging stations,and verify the rationality of the proposed model and linear approximation method.