重症监护室医生对实施安宁疗护看法与建议的质性研究

A qualitative study on ICU doctors’opinions and suggestions on implementing palliative care

目的了解重症监护室医生对实施安宁疗护的看法与建议,为中国ICU开展安宁疗护提供参考依据。方法采用目的抽样法,对11名重症监护室医生进行一对一半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi现象学分析法对访谈资料进行编码、分类、解释及综合分析。结果共提炼4个主题及18个亚主题:对安宁疗护存在认知偏差、认为ICU实施安宁疗护具有重要人文意义(安宁疗护实践是医学人文最完美的体现、ICU安宁疗护可以减少有创操作、以减轻患者痛苦,安宁疗护可以实现ICU患者的舒适护理、安宁疗护注重维护ICU患者的尊严、安宁疗护可以关注到ICU患者内心的声音、实施安宁疗护将有助于更有效地配置资源)、ICU开展安宁疗护面临的困难(法律层面相关政策不明确、ICU封闭式管理环境、ICU人力不足缺乏安宁疗护专业团队、ICU患者家属认知不足、死亡教育不到位、未纳入医保支付、低年资医生沟通能力欠缺)、促进ICU发展安宁疗护的策略(ICU安宁疗护可试点先行、开发ICU安宁疗护筛查工具将有助于安宁疗护的开展、太平间环境和死亡流程办理可以进一步优化、科学缩短安宁疗护证据与实践的差距)。结论中国安宁疗护与ICU的整合研究仍属探索阶段,应重视ICU安宁疗护开展的意义、多角度提升重症监护室医生安宁疗护的知识与技能、重视患者偏好,提高ICU患者家属对安宁疗护的认知和接受度、先行先试推动ICU安宁疗护的临床实践。

Objective:To understand intensive care unit(ICU)doctors’opinions and suggestions on implementing palliative care,and provides a reference basis for the implementation of palliative care in Chinese ICU.Methods:A purposive sampling technique was used to conduct one-on-one semi-structured interviews with 11 ICU doctors.Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis method was utilized to code,classify,interpret,and comprehensively analyze the interview data.Results:A total of 4 themes and 18 sub-themes was extracted,including cognitive biases toward palliative care,the belief that implementing palliative care in the ICU has significant humanistic implications(palliative care practice is the most perfect embodiment of medical humanities,palliative care in the ICU can alleviate patient pain and reduce invasive operations,palliative care can achieve comfortable care for ICU patients,palliative care focuses on maintaining the dignity of ICU patients,palliative care can pay attention to the inner voice of ICU patients,and implementing palliative care will help to more effectively allocate resources),difficulties faced by ICU in carrying out palliative care(lack of clarity in relevant policies at the legal level,closed management environment in the ICU,insufficient manpower in the ICU and lack of palliative care professional team,inadequate understanding of ICU patients’families,lack of death education,not included in medical insurance payments,and lack of communication skills of young doctors),strategies to promote the development of palliative care in the ICU(ICU palliative care can be piloted first,the development of ICU palliative care screening tools will help with the development of palliative care,the palliative environment and the handling of death procedures can be further optimized,and the application and implementation of scientific methods to shorten the gap between evidence and practice of palliative care).Conclusions:The integration of palliative care and ICU in China is still blank.The significance of implementing palliative care in ICU should be emphasized,ICU doctors’knowledge and skills of palliative care should be improved from multiple perspectives,patient preference should be emphasized to improve the knowledge and acceptance of palliative care of ICU patients’families,and the promotion of palliative care in ICU clinical practice should be pioneered and piloted.