抗冻多糖及其应用研究进展

Research Progress on Antifreeze Polysaccharides and Their Applications

多糖作为一种天然产物,动物、植物和微生物中均含有多糖。且其具有保水、增稠、抗氧化及防冻等良好性能,毒性小,可用作冷冻食品的保水剂、抗氧化剂和增稠剂以及生殖细胞保存的抗冻剂。多糖作为抗冻剂,可抑制会导致食品微观结构破坏的冰晶的形成,提高食品的玻璃化转变温度,使食品容易达到玻璃态,食品中的天然高分子的分子链被冻结,生化活性降低。但是可用作抗冻剂的多糖种类少,具体应用领域也仍处于摸索阶段。本文对抗冻多糖的种类及其应用领域进行了归纳和总结,以期为扩展抗冻多糖的种类及应用领域提供依据。

As a natural product,polysaccharide is present in animals,plants,and microorganisms.And it has good properties such as water retention,thickening,antioxidant,and antifreeze,with low toxicity.It can be used as water retention agent,antioxidant,and thickener for frozen food,as well as an antifreeze for germ cell preservation.As antifreeze agents,polysaccharide can inhibit the formation of ice crystals that can cause damage to the microstructure of food,increase the glass transition temperature of food,make it easy for food to reach a glass state,freeze the molecular chains of natural polymers in food,and reduce biochemical activity.However,there are few types of polysaccharides that can be used as antifreeze agents,and the specific application areas are still in the exploratory stage.This article summarizes the types and application fields of antifreeze polysaccharides,in order to provide a basis for expanding the types and application fields of antifreeze polysaccharides.