1097例大学生中医体质的潜在类别及其对自我效能感与抑郁焦虑关系的调节作用

Investigation on the Latent Categories of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution in 1 097 College Students and Their Moderating Effects on the Associations Between Self-Efficacy and Depression-Anxiety

【目的】分析大学生中医体质的潜在类别,探讨中医体质潜在类别对自我效能感与抑郁和焦虑症状关系的调节作用。【方法】采用30条目中医体质量表、一般自我效能感量表、凯斯勒心理困扰量表对广东省内2所高校的大学生开展调查,获得有效样本1 097例;采用相关分析、潜在剖面分析、层次回归分析等方法进行统计分析。【结果】(1)大学生中医体质可分为4个潜在类别:一般平和型(32.0%)、高度平和型(17.4%)、一般偏颇型(36.9%)和高度偏颇型(13.7%),且不同类别人群在中医体质各亚量表上的得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。(2)层次回归分析显示,自我效能感负向预测抑郁和焦虑症状(β=-0.268、-0.161,P<0.001);以一般平和型为参照,一般偏颇型和高度偏颇型正向预测抑郁和焦虑症状,高度平和型负向预测抑郁和焦虑症状(均P<0.001)。(3)中医体质潜在类别在自我效能感与抑郁、焦虑症状间起调节作用:中医体质为一般偏颇型、高度偏颇型和一般平和型时,抑郁和焦虑症状随自我效能感的增高而减轻(均P<0.01);中医体质为高度平和型时,抑郁(β=0.005,P=0.907)和焦虑(β=0.007,P=0.878)症状不随自我效能感的增高而变化。【结论】大学生中医体质存在明显的群体异质性,应结合各类中医体质人群的特点,通过增强自我效能感和体质调理来促进大学生的心理健康。

Objective To analyze the latent categories of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) constitution of college students,and to explore the moderating effects of latent categories of TCM constitution on the the associations between self-efficacy and depression-anxiety symptoms.Methods An investigation was carried out in two universities of Guangdong Province with 30-item TCM constitution scale,General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale,and then a total of 1 097 valid samples were obtained.Correlation analysis,latent profile analysis,and hierarchical regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results(1) Four latent categories of TCM constitution were obtained in the college students:generally-balanced type(32.0%),highly-balanced type(17.4%),generally-biased type(36.9%) and highly-biased type(13.7%).There were statistically significant differences in the subscale scores of TCM constitution scale among the college students with various latent categories of TCM constitution(all P<0.001).(2)Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the self-efficacy negatively predicted the symptoms of depression and anxiety(β value being-0.268,-0.161respectively,P<0.001);with the generally-balanced type as reference,the generally-biased type and the highly-biased type positively predicted the symptoms of depression and anxiety,and the highly-balanced type negatively predicted the symptoms of depression and anxiety(all P<0.001).(3)The latent categories of TCM constitution had moderating effects on the self-efficacy and depression-anxiety symptoms:the depression-anxiety symptoms were relieved with the increase of self-efficacy in the college students with the TCM constitution being generally-biased type,highly-biased type and generally-balanced type(all P<0.01);in the college students with highly-balanced type,the symptoms of depression(β = 0.005,P = 0.907) and anxiety(β = 0.007,P =0.878) did not change with the increase of self-efficacy.Conclusion Obvious heterogeneity of TCM constitution is presented in the population of college students.The measures of enhancement of self-efficacy and the correction of TCM to promote the psychological health of college students should be performed with reference to the characteristics of their TCM constitution types.