急性脑梗死患者中医证候与侧支循环、脑血流灌注及预后的相关性分析

Analysis on the Correlation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes with Collateral Circulation,Cerebral Blood Flow Perfusion and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

【目的】探讨急性脑梗死(acute cerebral infarction,ACI)患者的中医证候特点,并分析其与侧支循环、脑血流灌注及预后的关系。【方法】选取急性脑梗死患者300例,均行头颈CT血管造影(CTA)联合CT灌注成像(CTP)检查,并随访观察30 d,通过改良Rankin量表(MRS)评分评估预后,同时观察中医证候动态演变,探索中医证候与侧支循环、病灶区脑血流灌注及预后的关系,另采用Logistic回归分析探讨中医证候、血流灌注参数及侧支建立对卒中结局的影响。【结果】(1)急性脑梗死患者痰、血瘀、风等证候要素占比最高;前/后交通动脉开放、颅外向颅内侧支建立的中医证候要素分布中均以气虚为多见;以侧支循环来看,发病第1天,侧支良好组比侧支不良组气虚证分布低(P<0.05),发病第30天时,侧支良好组的气虚、痰证素的分布均明显比侧支不良组低(P<0.01);相关分析结果显示,发病第1天患者气虚分布与感兴趣区域脑血容量(rCBV)呈负相关(r=-0.472,P<0.05)、阴虚分布与rCBV呈正相关(r=-0.557,P<0.01);按病灶区rCBV>1.0或降低rCBV<1.0分为2组,比较病灶区证候要素分布差异,得出rCBV减低组患者以气虚分布较多(P<0.01)、而rCBV升高组以阴虚分布较多(P<0.05)。(2)发病第1天的证候要素分布,预后不良组的气虚分布明显高于预后良好组(P<0.01);发病第30天,预后良好组的气虚、痰证素的分布均明显低于预后不良组(P<0.05或P<0.01);对2组患者发病第1天、第30天的痰证素的分布进行比较,发现预后良好组患者的痰证素在第30天时较第1天时显著减少(χ^(2)=7.409,P<0.01),而预后不良组患者无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(3)Logistic回归分析结果显示,中医证候(气虚、痰)、侧支分级、病灶区rCBV是卒中结局的独立危险因素。【结论】急性脑梗死患者侧支建立不良、血流灌注减低及预后不良均以气虚证候要素分布为特点,同时,预后较差患者还存在痰的证候要素贯穿病变始终的特点,体现出气虚、痰证在急性脑梗死发病和病程进展中的重要性。

Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes in the patients with acute cerebral infarction,and to analyze the correlation of TCM syndromes with collateral circulation,cerebral blood perfusion and prognosis.Methods A total of 300 patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected.All patients underwent head-neck CT angiography(CTA) and CT perfusion imaging(CTP),and then were followed up for 30 days.The prognosis was evaluated by modified Rankin Scale(MRS) score.In addition,the dynamic evolution of TCM syndromes was observed to explore the correlation of TCM syndromes with collateral circulation,cerebral blood flow perfusion in the lesion area and prognosis.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influences of TCM syndromes,blood flow perfusion and collateral circulation establishment on stroke outcomes.Results(1) Highest incidences of syndrome elements of phlegm,blood stasis and wind were presented in ACI patients.The syndrome element of qi deficiency was predominated in the patients with anterior/posterior communicating artery opening and extracranial-to-intracranial collateral circulation establishment.On the first day of onset,the incidence of qi deficiency syndrome element in the good collateral circulation group was lower than that in the poor collateral circulation group(P<0.05).On the 30th day after onset,the incidences of qi deficiency syndrome element and phlegm syndrome element in the good collateral circulation group were significantly lower than those in the poor collateral circulation group(P<0.01).The results of correlation analysis showed that the score of qi deficiency was negatively correlated with regional cerebral blood volume(rCBV) of region of interest(r =-0.472,P<0.05),and the score of yin deficiency was positively correlated with rCBV(r =-0.557,P<0.01) on the first day of onset.The incidence of qi deficiency in the lesion area was relatively high in the patients of decreased rCBV(rCBV<1.0 score) group(P<0.01),while the incidence of yin deficiency in the lesion area was relatively high in the patients of elevated rCBV(rCBV>1.0 score) group(P<0.05).(2) The distribution of syndrome elements on the first day of onset showed that the incidence of qi deficiency syndrome element in the poor prognosis group was significantly higher than that in the good prognosis group(P<0.01);on the 30th day after onset,the incidences of qi deficiency syndrome element and phlegm syndrome element in the good prognosis group was significantly lower than those in the poor prognosis group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The incidence of phlegm syndrome element in the good prognosis group was significantly reduced on the 30th day after onset compared with that on the first day of onset (χ^(2) = 7.409,P<0.01),while there was no significant difference shown in the poor prognosis group(P>0.05).(3) Logistic regression analysis showed that syndrome elements(qi deficiency,phlegm),collateral circulation grading,and rCBV in the lesion area were the independent risk factors for stroke outcomes.Conclusion The acute cerebral infarction patients with poor collateral circulation,decreased blood perfusion and poor prognosis are predominated by qi deficiency syndrome element.Moreover,phlegm syndrome element is presented in the patients with poor prognosis throughout the course of disease.It is indicated that qi deficiency syndrome element and phlegm syndrome element play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of acute cerebral infarction.