模型冰水平圆盘中心加载弯曲强度试验研究

Experimental investigation on flexure strength of model ice with circular plate center loading tests

由各种垂直施力引起的冰层破坏是极地探索和利用活动中重要的工程场景,而冰强度特性对于活动于此区域的平台的结构强度和安全操控的设计评估有直接影响。本文依托中国船舶科学研究中心小型冰水池,制作盐水柱状模型冰,开展模型冰水平圆盘中心加载试验。试验对环向外沿均布支撑下的水平圆盘冰样中心区域垂直加载,利用测力系统记录冰样从起始承载直至弯曲破坏的力值曲线,根据受力峰值求取冰样破坏时的弯曲强度,利用影像系统捕捉冰样破坏失效细节,分析冰样承载失效过程。在此基础上,改变加载速度和冰样温度,开展系列试验测量,分析两个因素对模型冰弯曲强度的影响。本文工作为测量分析模型冰强度特性补充了一种可行手段,也为深入研究冰区结构物与冰层垂直作用机理和冰载荷形成机制建立了初步基础。

The failure of ice sheets caused by various forces applied vertically is an important scenario in the polar exploration and utilization engineering.The characteristics of ice strength has a direct impact on the de⁃sign and evaluation of the structural strength and safety manipulation of platform structures active in this ar⁃ea.In this paper,relying on the Small Ice Model Basin of China Ship Scientific Research Center(CSSRC SIMB),the columnar saline model ice was made to carry out circular plate center loading tests.During the test,the center of the ice specimen on the evenly-distributed circumferential support was loaded vertically,the force curve of the ice specimen from the initial loading to the flexural failure was recorded by a force mea⁃surement system,and the flexure strength was obtained according to the peak force.At the same time,the fail⁃ure details of the ice specimen were documented by a high-speed video camera,and then the process and mode of ice destruction were analyzed.On this basis,a series of experimental tests were carried out to ana⁃lyze the influence on the flexural strength of the model ice by varying the loading speed and the ice tempera⁃ture.The work of this paper provides a feasible method for measuring and analyzing the strength characteris⁃tics of the model ice for CSSRC SIMB and establishes a preliminary foundation for the further research of the mechanism of ice loading under the vertical interaction between the structure and the ice sheet.