杂草对除草剂抗性机理研究进展

Advances on the mechanisms of weed resistance to herbicides

随着除草剂持续、广泛地使用,杂草的抗性不断增强,新的抗性机理不断被发现。本文总结了近10年来杂草在靶标抗性(target-site resistance,TSR)和非靶标抗性(non-target-site resistance,NTSR)机理方面的重要研究进展。TSR机理主要包括乙酰乳酸合成酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶和5-烯醇丙酮酰莽酸-3-磷酸合酶等多个除草剂靶标酶上发生的新抗性突变,以及应对更强除草剂选择压力的靶标酶多位点突变和多靶标同工酶突变等。此外,本文也针对细胞色素P450(CYP81)酶、醛酮还原酶和ABC转运蛋白(EcABCC8)等NTSR机理在对草甘膦抗性中的作用进行了详细描述。本文不仅有助于全面、深入理解杂草抗性分子机理和抗性进化规律,在科学使用除草剂和创制新作用机理的除草剂等方面也具有一定的启示作用。

With intensive and extensive using herbicides,the level of weed resistance was increased,new resistance mechanisms are constantly being discovered.Adcances on the mechanisms of target-site resistance(TSR)and non-target-site resistance(NTSR)in recent ten years were summarized in this paper.The progress of TSR mainly included new resistance mutation in herbicide target enzymes of acetolactate synthase,acetyl-CoA carboxylase and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphatesynthase,as well as various resistance mutations occurring in target enzyme and multiple mutated target isozymes that resisting stronger herbicide selection.In addition,the roles of NTSR in glyphosate resistance of cytochrome P450(CYP81),aldo-keto reductase and ABC transporter protein(EcABCC8)were also described in detail.This paper is beneficial for understanding the molecular mechanisms and evolu-tionary laws of weed resistance from more profound and comprehensive perspective,and also provides inspriration for scientifically using herbicides and designing new herbicides with new mode of action.