城市公园冷岛效应及影响因子分析——以昆明市三环内城市公园为例

Analysis on the Cold Island Effect of Urban Parks and Its Influencing Factors:A Case of the Urban Parks within the Third Ring Road of Kunming City

随着城市热岛效应的不断加剧,提高城市公园冷岛效应有利于改善城市生态环境质量,建设宜居城市。文章以昆明市三环内城市公园为例,研究城市公园冷岛效应及其影响因子,基于Landsat 8遥感影像数据,对研究区40个城市公园样本景观格局与冷岛效应指标进行分析,结果如下:(1)研究区城市公园冷岛效应明显,最大降温距离(MCD)252.26m,最大降温幅度(MCM)0.18℃,最大降温梯度(MCG)0.00071℃/m;(2)昆明市城市公园面积阈值为1.101~10hm^(2);(3)不透水面占比小于70%具有较好的冷岛效应,有水体城市公园绿地面积应大于0.01 hm^(2),无水体城市公园绿地面积应大于0.03 hm^(2),水体面积应大于0.05 hm^(2),具有较好的降温效果。所得结论对城市公园设计具有一定指导意义,为城市公园大冷岛效应研究提供理论基础。

With the continuous intensification of urban heat island effect,improving the cold island effect of urban parks is beneficial for improving the quality of urban ecological environment and building livable cities.This paper takes the urban parks within the third ring road of Kunming City as an example to study the cold island effect of urban parks and its influencing factors.Based on Landsat 8 remote sensing image data,the landscape pattern and cold island effect indicators of 40 urban park samples in the study area were analyzed.The results are as follows.①The cold island effect of urban parks in the study area is obvious,with the maximum cooling distance was 252.26 m,the maximum cooling amplitude was 0.18℃,and the maximum cooling gradient was 0.00071℃/m.②The threshold of urban park area in Kunming is 1.101~10 hm2.③The impermeable surfaces that are less than 70%have a good cold island effect.The green area of urban parks with water bodies should be greater than 0.01 hm2,the green area of urban parks without water bodies should be greater than 0.03 hm2,and the water body area should be greater than 0.05 hm2,which has a good cooling effect.The conclusions obtained have certain guiding significance for urban park design and provide a theoretical basis for the study on the cold island effect of urban parks.