国外孤独症青少年职业技能教学实证研究述评

A Systemic Review of Empirical Research on Teaching Vocational Skills to Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Abroad

相较于普通青少年,孤独症青少年的核心障碍往往导致其更难以获得工作岗位并维持在岗。职业技能教学是赋能孤独症青少年掌握谋生工具和学会生存的关键环节。学校作为开展职业技能教学的重要场所,应当培养孤独症青少年掌握一技之长,为其将来就业奠定基础。本文对国外学校环境中孤独症青少年职业技能教学的研究进行系统梳理,总结针对孤独症青少年职前准备阶段、工作阶段以及职后留任阶段的有效教学方法,以期为我国开展孤独症青少年职业技能教学研究及实践提供参考。

The core barriers of adolescents with autism often make it more difficult for them to obtain and remain in the workforce than for the general population.Teaching vocational skills is a key part of empowering autistic adolescents to acquire the tools to make a living and learn to survive.Schools,as important venues for teaching vocational skills,should equip autistic adolescents with the skills that will lay the foundation for their future employment and entrepreneurship.In this paper,the research on vocational skills teaching for adolescents with autism in foreign school environments is systematically sorted out,and effective teaching methods for adolescents with autism in the pre-vocational preparation stage,the work stage and the post-vocational retention stage are summarised,with a view to providing references and inspirations for the vocational skills teaching practice and research on adolescents with autism in China.