2006—2022年泰安市职业性尘肺病流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Tai'an City from 2006 to 2022

目的分析2006—2022年泰安市职业性尘肺病流行病学特征,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法利用“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”,收集2006—2022年泰安市新发尘肺病资料,对其病种构成、诊断年龄、工龄、地区、企业经济类型、规模、行业等分布特征及流行趋势进行描述分析。结果泰安市报告新发尘肺病1142例,分期以壹期(90.37%)为主,发病数居前4位的分别为煤工尘肺(979例,85.73%)、矽肺(78例,6.83%)、电焊工尘肺(33例,2.89%)和铸工尘肺(31例,2.71%),男性多于女性。诊断年龄[M(P25,P75)]为55(49,66)岁,诊断年龄≥55岁的病例占51.84%;工龄[M(P25,P75)]为25.00(17.33,30.00)年,工龄<5年的尘肺病例占1.75%。尘肺病例数随年份总体呈下降、但部分年份呈上升的趋势,尘肺病、煤工尘肺、电焊工尘肺与年份最优拟合为S型曲线、S型曲线、三次曲线,预测2023—2027年发病例数分别为127、104、1例。尘肺病主要分布在肥城市和新泰市,分别为497例(43.52%)和433例(37.92%)。报告尘肺病的企业经济类型以国有企业为主(75.92%),60.51%、32.05%的尘肺病来自于大、中型企业;2014—2022年,国有、大中型企业所占比例呈下降趋势,非国有、小微型企业所占比例则呈上升趋势。报告病例数最多的行业为煤炭开采和洗选业,占81.00%,2006—2022年所占比例呈“锯齿状”高低起伏的趋势。结论泰安市尘肺病以煤工尘肺为主,应将肥城市和新泰市列为重点地区,以国有、大中型企业为重点企业,以煤炭开采和洗选业为重点行业,同时加强对非国有、小微型企业的监管,进一步加强尘肺病防治工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Tai'an City from 2006 to 2022,provide scientific evidence for developing prevention and treatment strategies.Methods The data of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in Tai'an City from 2006 to 2022 were obtained from the"Information Monitoring System for Occupational Diseases and Health Hazards".A descriptive analysis was performed for the distribution characteristics of disease species,diagnosis age,length of dust exposure,region,enterprise economic type,scale,industries and the epidemic trend of pneumoconiosis.Results Totally 1142 cases of new pneumoconiosis were reported in Tai'an City mainly in stageⅠ(90.37%).The top four categories were coal workers'pneumoconiosis(979 cases,85.73%),silicosis(78 cases,6.83%),electric welder's pneumoconiosis(33 cases,2.89%)and cast workers'pneumoconiosis(31 cases,2.71%),with more males than females.The diagnosis age[M(P25,P75)]was 55(49,66)years old,and cases of diagnosis age≥55 years old accounted for 51.84%.The length of dust exposure[M(P25,P75)]was 25.00(17.33,30.00)years,and pneumoconiosis cases of length of dust exposure<5 years accounted for 1.75%.The number of pneumoconiosis cases showed a decreasing trend with the years totally,but increasing in some years.The optimal fitting curves of pneumoconiosis,coal workers'pneumoconiosis and electric welder's pneumoconiosis with the years were S-shaped curve,S-shaped curve and cubic curve,and were predicted to be 127,104 and 1 cases respectively from 2023 to 2027.The pneumoconiosis cases were mainly distributed in Feicheng City and Xintai City,with 497 cases(43.52%)and 433 cases(37.92%)respectively.The economic type of enterprises reporting pneumoconiosis was mainly state-owned enterprises(75.92%),while 60.51%and 32.05%pneumoconiosis cases came from large and medium-sized enterprises.From 2014 to 2022,the proportion of state-owned and large-medium-sized enterprises decreased,while that of non-state-owned and small-micro-sized enterprises increased.The coal mining and washing industry reported the largest number of cases,accounting for 81.00%and its proportion showed a"zigzag"trend of ups and downs from 2006 to 2022.Conclusion The coal workers'pneumoconiosis is the predominant one in Tai'an City.Feicheng county and Xintai county should be listed as the key areas,state-owned enterprises and large-medium-sized enterprises as the key enterprises,coal mining and washing industry as the key industries,with the strengthened supervision of non-state-owned enterprises and small-micro-sized enterprises,to further strengthen the prevention and treatment.