社区老年人步速与认知功能的关联性研究

Association of speed and cognitive function of the community-dwelling elderly

目的探讨社区老年人步速与认知功能的关联。方法2021年3—12月采用一般资料调查表、简易智能精神状态量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)、患者健康问卷抑郁量表和4.6 m步行试验对新乡市1172名社区老年人进行问卷调查。依据步速五分位分组将老年人步速分为Q1~Q5组,[Q1组(≤0.76 m/s),Q2组(0.77~0.88 m/s),Q3组(0.89~0.98 m/s),Q4组(0.99~1.11 m/s),Q5组(≥1.12 m/s)]。采用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行描述性统计,采用二元Logistic回归分析老年人步速和抑郁对认知功能的影响。结果社区老年人的步速为(0.92±0.22)m/s,Q1~Q5组的MMSE得分分别为:(24.72±3.67)分、(26.63±2.90)分、(26.58±2.66)分、(27.01±2.45)分和(27.18±2.35)分,不同步速组社区老年人的认知功能差异有统计学意义(F=27.92,P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归结果显示,与Q1组比较,Q2~Q5组认知功能受损的OR值(95%CI)分别为0.475(0.253~0.893)、0.426(0.219~0.828)、0.421(0.212~0.826)、0.371(0.179~0.766),步速较快是认知功能的保护因素;高龄(OR=1.096,95%CI=1.053~1.140)、抑郁(OR=14.441,95%CI=12.670~19.829)是认知功能受损的危险因素。结论社区老年人步速与认知功能存在关联,步速较快是认知功能的保护因素。

Objective To explore the association of gait speed and cognitive function of the community-dwelling elderly.Methods From March to December 2021,a total of 1172 Xinxiang community-dwelling elderly people were investigated by general information questionnaire,mini-mental state examination(MMSE),patient health questionnaire depression scale and 4.6 m gait test.The elderly were divided into five groups based on the quintile grouping of gait speed values,with Q1 group(≤0.76 m/s),Q2 group(0.77-0.88 m/s),Q3 group(0.89-0.98 m/s),Q4 group(0.99-1.11 m/s)and Q5 group(≥1.12 m/s).SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for descriptive statistics,and binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of gait speed and depression on cognitive impairment of the elderly.Results The gait speed of community-dwelling elderly people was(0.92±0.22)m/s.The scores of MMSE in Q1-Q5 groups were(24.72±3.67),(26.63±2.90),(26.58±2.66),(27.01±2.45)and(27.18±2.35),respectively,and the cognitive function was significantly different among the five gait speed groups(F=27.92,P<0.05).The results of binary Logistics regression showed that compared with Q1 group,the OR value(95%CI)of cognitive impairment in Q2-Q5 group were 0.475(0.253-0.893),0.426(0.219-0.828),0.421(0.212-0.826)and 0.371(0.179-0.766),respectively,which indicated that fast walking speed was a protective factor for cognitive function.Old age(OR=1.096,95%CI=1.053-1.140)and depression(OR=14.441,95%CI=12.670-19.829)were risk factors of cognitive impairment.Conclusion The gait speed is associated with cognitive function among community-dwelling elderly people,and faster gait speed is a protective factor for cognitive function.