学龄前儿童24 h活动行为特征及其与执行功能的关系

Association between the 24-hour movement behaviors and executive function in preschoolers

目的探讨学龄前儿童24 h活动行为特征及其与执行功能的关系。方法以珠海市555名学龄前儿童为研究对象,应用客观测量法,采用加速度计测量身体活动水平,采用计算机化行为测试评估执行功能。对儿童24 h活动行为特征进行描述,使用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析,采用独立样本t检验比较不同性别24 h活动行为差异,运用多元线性回归分析探讨学龄前儿童活动行为达标情况对执行功能的影响。结果依据《学龄前儿童(3~6岁)运动指南》对儿童每日中高强度身体活动、静坐屏幕时间和睡眠时长的推荐量,研究对象中高强度身体活动达标(≥60 min/d)率为33.9%(188/555)、静坐屏幕时间达标(≤1 h/d)率为43.4%(241/555)、睡眠时长达标(10~13 h/d)率为83.4%(463/555),仅13.3%(74/555)儿童三项均达标。工作记忆测验正确得分为(60.6±20.3)分,抑制控制测验反应时间为(695.1±135.8)ms。学龄前男性儿童中高强度身体活动(≥60 min/d)正向预测工作记忆(β=0.121,P=0.037),静坐屏幕时间(≤1 h/d)负向预测抑制控制(β=-0.122,P=0.036)。结论学龄前儿童每日中高强度身体活动和静坐屏幕时间达标率较低,且前者与学龄前男性儿童工作记忆呈正相关,后者与学龄前男性儿童抑制控制呈负相关。

Objective To explore the characteristics of 24-hour movement in preschoolers and its relationship with executive function.Methods The study subjects consisted of 555 preschoolers in Zhuhai City.An objective measurement approach was employed,physical activity level was assessed by utilizing accelerometers and executive function was evaluated by computerized behavioral tests.The characteristics of 24-hour movement in children were described.Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software,independent samples t-test was used to compare differences in 24-hour activity behaviors across genders,and multivariate linear regression was used to explore the effect of preschoolers'achievement of activity behaviors on executive functioning.Results According to the physical activity guideline for Chinese preschoolers aged 3-6 years recommendations for children's daily moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity,sedentary screen time,and sleep duration,among the study participants,the compliance rate of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity(≥60 min/d)was 33.9%(188/555),sedentary screen time(≤1 h/d)was 43.4%(241/555),and sleep duration(10-13 h/d)was 83.4%(463/555).Only 13.3%(74/555)of the participants met the recommended guidelines for all three behaviors.The correct score of the working memory test was(60.6±20.3)and the reaction time of the inhibitory control test was(695.1±135.8)ms.In male preschoolers,moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity(≥60 min/d)positively predicted working memory(β=0.121,P=0.037),while sedentary screen time(≤1 h/d)negatively predicted inhibitory control(β=-0.122,P=0.036).Conclusions The daily compliance rate of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity and sedentary screen time is low among preschooler.The former is positively correlated with working memory in preschool boys,while the latter is negatively correlated with inhibitory control.