情绪调节困难在中职生童年创伤与焦虑间的中介作用

The mediating role of emotion dysregulation between childhood trauma and anxiety in vocational school students

目的探讨中职生童年创伤与焦虑的关系,分析情绪调节困难的中介作用。方法采用童年创伤问卷(childhood trauma questionnaire,CTQ)、情绪调节困难量表(difficulties in emotion regulation scale,DERS)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(generalized anxiety disorder,GAD-7)对某中职学校学生进行横断面调查。焦虑症状划界分为GAD-7≥5分。应用SPSS 23.0和SPSS PROCESS V4.0插件对数据进行统计分析。结果(1)中职生焦虑症状检出率为42.96%(1725/4039),女生比男生高27.1%倍(OR=1.271,95%CI=1.095~1.474)。(2)焦虑组童年创伤[44(38,51)分]及情绪调节困难[98(89,111)分]评分均高于无焦虑组[39(34,45)分,81(73,90)分],差异具有统计学意义(Z=-17.910,-33.859,均P<0.001)。(3)回归分析显示,女生(β=0.240,OR=1.271,95%CI=1.095~1.474)、童年创伤(β=0.028,OR=1.028,95%CI=1.019~1.037)和情绪调节困难(β=0.076,OR=1.080,95%CI=1.073~1.086)可显著预测焦虑症状。(4)路径分析及中介效应检验表明,童年创伤正向预测焦虑(β=0.059,95%CI=0.048~0.071)和情绪调节困难(β=0.802,95%CI=0.749~0.854),情绪调节困难正向预测焦虑(β=0.139,95%CI=0.132~0.145);情绪调节困难在童年创伤与焦虑之间起着显著的中介效应(效应值=0.112,95%CI=0.101~0.121),间接效应占总效应的65.50%(0.112/0.171)。结论中职生焦虑症状发生率高,童年创伤不仅直接影响焦虑症状,还可通过情绪调节困难间接对焦虑症状产生影响。

Objective To explore the relationship between childhood trauma and anxiety in vocational school students,and to analyze the mediating role of emotion dysregulation.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in one vocational school in Ganzhou,all students completed a series of questionnaires,including the childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ),difficulties in emotion regulation scale(DERS),and generalized anxiety disorder scale(GAD-7).The cut-off score for anxiety symptom was set GAD-7≥5.The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and SPSS macro program PROCESS V4.0.Results (1)The rate of anxiety in vocational school students was 42.96%,and girls were 27.1%higher than boys(OR=1.271,95%CI=1.095-1.474).(2)The CTQ(44(38,51))and DERS(98(89,111))in students with anxiety were both significantly higher than those in students without anxiety(39(34,45),81(73,90),Z=-17.910,-33.859,both P<0.001).(3)Regression analysis showed that girls(β=0.240,OR=1.271,95%CI=1.095~1.474),childhood trauma(β=0.028,OR=1.028,95%CI=1.019~1.037),and emotion dysregulation(β=0.076,OR=1.080,95%CI=1.073-1.086)were significant predictors for anxiety.(4)Path analysis and mediating effect showed that childhood trauma positively predicted anxiety(β=0.059,95%CI=0.048-0.071)and emotion dysregulation(β=0.802,95%CI=0.749-0.854),and emotion dysregulation positively predicted anxiety(β=0.139,95%CI=0.132-0.145).Emotion dysregulation had a significant mediating effect(effect value=0.112,95%CI=0.101-0.121)in the relationship between childhood trauma and anxiety,with the indirect effect accounting for 65.50%of the total effect.ConclusionThe incidence of anxiety symptoms is high among vocational school students,and childhood trauma not only directly affects anxiety symptoms,but also indirectly affects anxiety symptoms through emotion dysregulation.