基于赋能理念的家长参与式干预策略在急性喘息性支气管炎患儿护理中的应用

Application of empowerment concept-based parent-participatory intervention strategy in the nursing of children with acute asthmatic bronchitis

目的探讨基于赋能理念的家长参与式干预策略在急性喘息性支气管炎患儿护理中的应用效果,以期为急性喘息性支气管炎患儿护理方案的选择提供参考。方法选取阜阳市妇女儿童医院2020年5月—2022年2月收治的140例急性喘息性支气管炎患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组70例。对照组患儿接受常规护理干预,观察组患儿在对照组基础上接受基于赋能理念的家长参与式护理干预。比较2组患儿的临床症状持续时间,干预前后心理行为发育状况、睡眠质量、生活质量,同时比较2组患儿的治疗依从性及家长护理满意度。结果观察组患儿喘息、咳嗽、发热、呼吸困难4项临床症状持续时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,2组患儿盖瑟尔发育量表(GESELL)的动作能、应物能、言语能、应人能4个维度评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,2组患儿GESELL量表各维度评分均高于干预前,且观察组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,2组患儿儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)的就寝习惯、睡眠焦虑、睡眠持续时间、夜醒4个维度评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,2组患儿CSHQ问卷各维度评分均低于干预前,且观察组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,2组患儿中文版儿童生活质量量表(PedsQL)的生理功能、躯体症状、情感功能、社交功能、认知功能5个维度评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,2组患儿PedsQL量表各维度评分均高于干预前,且观察组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿的治疗依从率为92.86%(65/70),高于对照组的81.43%(57/70),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.080,P=0.043)。观察组患儿家长护理满意度为97.15%(68/70),高于对照组的87.14%(61/70),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.834,P=0.028)。结论基于赋能理念的家长参与式干预策略用于急性喘息性支气管炎患儿护理中,有助于有效缩短患儿临床症状持续时间,改善患儿心理行为发育状况、睡眠质量及生活质量,提高患儿治疗依从性及家长护理满意度,值得在临床推广。

Objective To explore the application effect of a parent-participatory intervention strategy based on the concept of empowerment in the nursing of children with acute asthmatic bronchitis,aiming to provide a reference for selecting nursing strategies for such patients.Methods A total of 140 children with acute asthmatic bronchitis admitted to our hospital from May 2020 to February 2022 were selected as research participants.They were randomly assigned to control and observation groups,with 70 cases in each group.The control group received routine nursing intervention,while the observation group received parent-participatory nursing intervention based on the concept of empowerment in addition to routine nursing.The duration of clinical symptoms,psychological and behavioral development status,sleep quality,quality of life before and after intervention,treatment compliance,and the degree of parental satisfaction with nursing were compared between the two groups.Results The duration of wheezing,coughing,fever,and difficulty breathing in the observation group was significantly shorter than in the control group(P<0.05).Before intervention,no significant differences were found between the two groups in the four subscales of the Gesell Developmental Scale(GESELL),namely motor skills,adaptability,language skills,and social interaction(P>0.05).After intervention,the scores in these subscales of GESELL in both groups were higher than before intervention,with the observation group scoring significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).Before intervention,no significant differences were noted between the two groups in the four subscales of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire(CSHQ),namely bedtime behavior,sleep anxiety,sleep duration,and night awakenings(P>0.05).After intervention,the scores in these subscales of CSHQ in both groups were lower than before intervention,with the observation group scoring significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Before intervention,no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the five subscales of the Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory(PedsQL),namely physical function,bodily symptoms,emotional function,social function,and cognitive function(P>0.05).After intervention,the scores in these subscales of PedsQL in both groups were increased,with the observation group scoring significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).The treatment compliance rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group[92.86%(65/70),vs.81.43%(57/70);χ^(2)=4.080,P=0.043].The degree of parental satisfaction with nursing in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group[97.15%(68/70)vs.87.14%(61/70);χ^(2)=4.834,P=0.028].Conclusion The concept of empowerment-based parent-participatory intervention strategy used in the nursing of children with acute asthmatic bronchitis helps effectively shorten the duration of clinical symptoms,strengthen psychological and behavioral development,sleep quality,and quality of life,and enhance treatment compliance and degree of parental satisfaction with nursing,making it worthy of clinical promotion.