信访制度功能变迁的运行逻辑、理想图景及演进脉络

The Operational Logic,Ideal Types,and Evolutionary Trajectory of the Functional Transformation of Petition System

信访制度以群众路线作为基本制度基因,兼具政治性、行政性、法律性等属性。基于信访诉求属性和诉求的对抗强度,可抽象出利益保障、政治监督、矛盾化解、治理参与四种信访制度功能的理想类型。不同历史时期,信访制度均以“兜底功能”为基本运行逻辑,实际上承担了非预期的、突发的、规定权限和职能之外的社会剩余事务治理功能。从制度变迁路径看,具有连续的、渐进的缓慢变迁,以及间断的、非连续的剧烈变迁两种形态,前者体现了信访制度的“补充性兜底”,后者则彰显了“功能性兜底”。因此,信访制度“废除论”“弱化论”等论断缺乏理论和实践依据,而是需要在精准分类基础上持续推进适应性变革。

ed:interestprotection,political supervision,conflict resolution,and governance participation.In different historical periods,the petition system has operated with the fundamental logic of serving as a"safety net".In fact,it has undertaken the governance function of unexpected,sudden,and social surplus affairs beyond the prescribed authority and functions.From the perspective of the transformation path of the petition system,it has two forms:continuous,gradual and slow transformation,as well as intermittent,non-continuous and drastic transformation.The former reflects the"supplementary safety net"function of the petition system,while the latter highlights its"functional safety net"role.Therefore,the"abolishment"and"weakening"theories of the petition system lack theoretical and practical foundations,but need to continuously promote adaptive transformation based on precise classification.