羌语的韵律构词

Prosodic Morphology of Qiang

不同语系的语言中普遍存在韵律构词机制,词不仅是词法的产物也受到韵律的制约。但羌语的韵律构词规则尚未受到关注。立足前人对羌语各方言丰富的田野调查,文章从韵律语法视角入手,探讨羌语韵律词的类型及其对羌语构词的影响,并得到两个重要结论:1)和汉语、景颇语类似,羌语的韵律词由双音节音步实现,这反映了汉藏语系语言音节计数的特点;2)羌语的韵律词影响和控制了羌语的构词,韵律词是羌语复合构词、紧缩构词和凑补构词的前提和基础。这对羌语的构词、羌语和羌语支的语系定位以及汉藏语系的类型学研究都有重要的意义和价值。

Building on previous studies on Qiang,this paper aims to identify the type of prosodic word in Qiang and argues that prosodic morphology plays a crucial role in determining the shape of morphology.This paper arrives at two significant conclusions:1)Similar to Mandarin Chinese and the Jingpo language,Qiang is characteristic of disyllabic prosodic morphology,highlighting the“syllable counting”nature of the Sino-Tibetan family.2)Disyllabic prosodic words are crucial factors that play an important role in shaping morphology.The results of a series of morphological phenomena,such as compound words,contraction words,and complementary words are influlenced by prosodic words.